1 g Covalent bonding Flashcards
1.44 - 1.51
What atoms form covalent bonds
Non-metals
How do non-metals obtain a full outer shell
Share pairs of electrons
What are the 2 types of covalent bonding
Small or giant molecules
Covalent bonds are strong or weak
Strong
What are the intermolecular forces
Forces that hold the molecules together
Are intermolecular forces strong or weak
Weak
What are shared electrons called
Bonding electrons
Do simple covalent structures conduct electricity and why
No, there are no free electrons
Where do the strong electrostatic forces come from
Between a shared pair of electrons (negative) and the nuclei (positive)
What are covalent bonds represented by
A line between two atoms ( H-H )
Are the shared electrons in a fixed position or in constant motion
Constant motion (charge clouds)
Why do covalent bonds share electrons
To achieve electron configuration close to a noble gas (More stable)
Three examples of simple molecular structure
Cl₂, H₂O, CO₂
What are the bonds of the following diatomic molecules: H₂, Cl₂, O₂, N₂, HCL
H-H, Cl-Cl, O=O, N-=N, H-Cl
What are the bonds of the following inorganic molecules H₂O, NH₃, CO₂
H-O-H, H-N-H -H, O=C=O
What are the bonds of the following organic molecules CH₄, C₂H₆, C₂H₄
H- H-C-H -H, H- H- H-C-C-H -H -H, H- H-C=C-H -H
What are simple molecular structures
Covalent bonds joining the atom together, But have intermolecular forces
Why do they have low melting points
Weak intermolecular forces acting between the molecules (Gases & liquids at room temp.)
What are intramolecular forces
Strong covalent bonds holding the atoms in a molecule
As the relative molecular mass of a substance increases, the … increase aswell
Melting & boiling points
Why are covalent compounds poor conductors
No free ions or electrons to carry the charge
How many atoms do simple molecules contain
A fixed number
How many atoms do giant covalent structures contain
Huge numbers
Another name for giant covalent structures
Giant lattices
Three common macromolecules
Diamonds, Graphite, Fullerene
In diamond, each carbon atom bonds with how many other carbons
4
Are there intermolecular forces in giant covalent bonds
No
Are giant covalent bonds strong or weak
Very strong
Properties of Diamond
-Doesnt conduct electricity
-Very high melting point
-Extremely hard
In diamond, each carbon atom bonds with how many other atoms
3, leaving one free electron per carbon atom
Where are the free electrons in a graphite
Migrate along the layers
Can graphite conduct electricity and why
Yes, they have a delocalised electrons that can move and carry charge
Are the covalent bonds within the layer strong or weak (graphite)
Very strong
Are the intermolecular forces betweenthe layers strong or weak
Weak, the layers can slide on top of each other, making graphite soft and slippery
Properties of graphite
-Conduct electricity and heat
-Very high melting point
-Soft and slippery
-Less dense than diamond
What shape does fullerene exist in
Hollow tubes, spheres
Two industrial features of fullerene
-Traps catalyst molecules (high surface area)
-Lubricants
How many bonds in fullerene per a carbon atom
3
