1: Fluid + Electrolyte Balance Disturbance Flashcards
When is dehydration more common
Children
Elderly
What can cause dehydration
- Poor intake water
- Increase loss water
What are two causes of increased loss of water
- Renal
- Extra-renal
What are 3 renal causes leading to increase loss of water
- Diuretics
- Glycosuria
- Diabetes Insipidus
What are 3 causes of extra-renal loss
- Sweating
- Burns
- Diarrhoea and Vomitting
- Sweating
How does dehydration present
- Headache
- Thirst
- Fatigue
- Dizziness
- Syncope
What are signs of dehydration
Sunken eyes
Dry mucus membranes
Reduced skin turgor
What examination is performed in AKI
Fluid-Status
What investigations are ordered in AKI
U+E
How do U+E present in AKI
- Hypernatraemia
- High urea
Explain urea in AKI, compared to creatinine
Urea is disproportionately high
Explain BUN:Cr in dehydration
> 20:1
Why is hypernatraemia seen in U+E during dehydration
Reduced water, decreasing dilution effect, making sodium appear high
What is urine osomolality useful for
distinguish renal from extra-renal cause
If urine osmolality is less than 800 what does it indicate and why
Renal cause - as there is excess water excretion reducing urine osmolality
