Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Renal > 1: Acid-Base Balance > Flashcards

1: Acid-Base Balance Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 main acid-base balance disorders

A
  1. Respiratory acidosis
  2. Respiratory alkalosis
  3. Metabolic acidosis
  4. Metabolic alkalosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What causes respiratory acidosis

A

Alveolar Hypoventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How can causes of respiratory acidosis be divided

A
  1. Pulmonary Disease

2. NM Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are 4 pulmonary causes of respiratory acidosis

A
  • COPD
  • Pneumonia
  • Fibrosis
  • OSA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are 5 neuromuscular disorders leading to respiratory acidosis

A
  • CNS Tumour
  • CNS Trauma
  • Myasthenia gravis
  • Gullian barre
  • MND
  • Poliomyelitis
  • Cervical cord lesion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What in-general causes respiratory alkalosis

A

alveolar hyperventilation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what may cause alveolar hyperventilation

A

anxiety
salicylate OD
high altitude
mechanical ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the two broad causes of metabolic acidosis

A
  • Increase H+ production

- Decrease HCO3- production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of metabolic acidosis does increase production of H+ cause

A

Metabolic acidosis with raised anion gap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of metabolic acidosis does decrease HCO3- cause

A

Metabolic acidosis with normal anion gap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the two broad causes of metabolic alkalosis

A
  • Loss H+

- Excess HCO3-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are 3 causes of metabolic alkalosis

A

Burns
Potassium-loss (Thiazide, Loop Diuretics
Vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is first-looked at in ABG

A

Oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What defines hypoxia

A

Oxygen less-than 8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What should be remembered when looking at oxygen in ABG

A

FIO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is next looked at in ABG after oxygen

A

Carbon Dioxide

17
Q

What is reference range for carbon dioxide

18
Q

What is reference range for pH

19
Q

What is reference range for HCO3-

20
Q

What should be calculated if a person has a metabolic acidosis

21
Q

What is the calculation for anion gap

A

(Na + K) - (Cl + HCO3)

22
Q

What is a normal anion gap

23
Q

What is a mnemonic to remember causes of metabolic acidosis with raised anion gap

24
Q

What are the causes of metabolic acidosis with raised anion gap

A 
Methanol 
Urea
DKA
Paraldehyde 
Isoniazid, Iron 
Lactate
Ethylene glycol
Salicylate
25
Q

What is a mnemonic to remember causes of metabolic acidosis with normal anion gap

26
Q

What are the causes of metabolic acidosis with normal anion gap

A 
Fistula pancreas
Ureto-gastric conduit 
Saline
Endocrine. Addison's disease
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor 
Ammonium chloride 
Renal tubular acidosis 
Diarrhoea
Spironolactone
27
Q

What may be given in metabolic acidosis if pH is less than 7.1

A

Sodium Bicarbonate

Renal (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions