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Renal > 1: Acid-Base Balance > Flashcards

1: Acid-Base Balance Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 main acid-base balance disorders

A
  1. Respiratory acidosis
  2. Respiratory alkalosis
  3. Metabolic acidosis
  4. Metabolic alkalosis
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2
Q

What causes respiratory acidosis

A

Alveolar Hypoventilation

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3
Q

How can causes of respiratory acidosis be divided

A
  1. Pulmonary Disease

2. NM Disease

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4
Q

What are 4 pulmonary causes of respiratory acidosis

A
  • COPD
  • Pneumonia
  • Fibrosis
  • OSA
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5
Q

What are 5 neuromuscular disorders leading to respiratory acidosis

A
  • CNS Tumour
  • CNS Trauma
  • Myasthenia gravis
  • Gullian barre
  • MND
  • Poliomyelitis
  • Cervical cord lesion
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6
Q

What in-general causes respiratory alkalosis

A

alveolar hyperventilation.

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7
Q

what may cause alveolar hyperventilation

A

anxiety
salicylate OD
high altitude
mechanical ventilation

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8
Q

What are the two broad causes of metabolic acidosis

A
  • Increase H+ production

- Decrease HCO3- production

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9
Q

What type of metabolic acidosis does increase production of H+ cause

A

Metabolic acidosis with raised anion gap

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10
Q

What type of metabolic acidosis does decrease HCO3- cause

A

Metabolic acidosis with normal anion gap

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11
Q

What are the two broad causes of metabolic alkalosis

A
  • Loss H+

- Excess HCO3-

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12
Q

What are 3 causes of metabolic alkalosis

A

Burns
Potassium-loss (Thiazide, Loop Diuretics
Vomiting

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13
Q

What is first-looked at in ABG

A

Oxygen

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14
Q

What defines hypoxia

A

Oxygen less-than 8

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15
Q

What should be remembered when looking at oxygen in ABG

A

FIO2

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16
Q

What is next looked at in ABG after oxygen

A

Carbon Dioxide

17
Q

What is reference range for carbon dioxide

A

4.5-6.0

18
Q

What is reference range for pH

A

7.35-7.45

19
Q

What is reference range for HCO3-

A

22-28

20
Q

What should be calculated if a person has a metabolic acidosis

A

Anion gap

21
Q

What is the calculation for anion gap

A

(Na + K) - (Cl + HCO3)

22
Q

What is a normal anion gap

A

10-18

23
Q

What is a mnemonic to remember causes of metabolic acidosis with raised anion gap

A

MUDPILES

24
Q

What are the causes of metabolic acidosis with raised anion gap

A 
Methanol 
Urea
DKA
Paraldehyde 
Isoniazid, Iron 
Lactate
Ethylene glycol
Salicylate
25
Q

What is a mnemonic to remember causes of metabolic acidosis with normal anion gap

A

FUSECARDS

26
Q

What are the causes of metabolic acidosis with normal anion gap

A 
Fistula pancreas
Ureto-gastric conduit 
Saline
Endocrine. Addison's disease
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor 
Ammonium chloride 
Renal tubular acidosis 
Diarrhoea
Spironolactone
27
Q

What may be given in metabolic acidosis if pH is less than 7.1

A

Sodium Bicarbonate

Renal (15 decks)

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