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Textiles > 1. Fibre Types > Flashcards

1. Fibre Types Flashcards

1
Q

Crimp

A

a kink, curl, or zig-zag in the fibre

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2
Q

what special qualities does the crimp give to a woollen fibre?

A

The ability to stretch, trap air (so insulate), and helps resist creasing

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3
Q

Staple fibre

A

a fibre with a short length

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4
Q

Give three reasons why silk fabrics are popular for special occasion dresses

A

lustre, easy to dye, and drape - attractive; soft handle, absorbent, and warm - wearer’s comfort

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5
Q

Cellulose fibres

A

cotton, linen, ramie (also bamboo, jute, hemp, pineapple, and banana)

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6
Q

Protein fibres

A

wool, silk, hair (cashmere, angora, llama etc)

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7
Q

Regenerated fibres

A

viscose, modal, acetate

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8
Q

Synthetic fibres

A

polyester, polyamide/nylon, elastane, acrylic, PVC

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9
Q

What are synthetic fibres made from?

A

oil and coal / petrochemicals

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10
Q

What are regenerated fibres made from?

A

wood pulp - pine trees

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11
Q

What’s the difference between a mature cotton fibre and an immature cotton fibre?

A 
immature = rounded cross section 
mature = dries so looks like a flattened bean, twists along length like a twisted ribbon
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12
Q

Why is cotton a poor insulator/cool to wear?

A

smooth surface of fibre so no air can be trapped between the fibres

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13
Q

Why does cotton not have lustre?

A

Flat and twisted fibre does not reflect light

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14
Q

What are the environmental and ethical concerns with cotton production?

A

cotton pickers cut their hands, inhale fumes of pesticides, pesticides harm the environment, bleaching

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15
Q

Nodes

A

Irregular joint markings where the buds come off the stem

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16
Q

More nodes =

A

less lustrous

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17
Q

Further away the nodes are =

A

better quality

18
Q

What happens to linen the more it gets washed?

A

it gets softer

19
Q

How much water can linen absorb before felling damp?

A

20% of its weight

20
Q

More creases =

A

stiffer linen

21
Q

Why is linen not lustrous?

A

not smooth - nodes and creases

22
Q

What s the strongest natural fibre?

A

ramie, 8x stronger than cotton

23
Q

Advantages of ramie

A

eco friendly (doesn’t need herbicides/pesticides) and stain resistant

24
Q

Disadvantages of ramie

A

v v expensive

25
Q

What is the structure of silk?

A

2 triangular shaped filaments held together with sericin

26
Q

Why is silk soft and lustrous?

A

The triangular cross section is smooth

27
Q

What is the only natural filament fibre?

A

Cultivated silk

28
Q

Cultivated silk

A

it dies in the cocoon so the filament is continuous and produces a smooth silk

29
Q

Wild silk

A

it breaks out of the cocoon and produces a slubbed silk

30
Q

How much water can silk absorb before feeling damp?

A

1/3 of its weight

31
Q

Why are fibres non-static?

A

it always contains some moisture eg. cotton, silk, linen, wool

32
Q

Lanolin

A

A natural grease covering the outer surface of a wool fibre which makes it water repellent.

33
Q

Carding

A

two brush rollers which remove lanolin and lie the fibres parallel

34
Q

More crimps =

A

finer wool

35
Q

Shetland wool

A

coarse and long fibres

36
Q

Lambswool

A

soft and fragile as its the first cut from the sheep

37
Q

Merino wool

A

softest and warmest wool, stronger and more expensive than lambswool

38
Q

Worsted wool

A

long staple fibres are used to produce a strong and smooth yarn, the fabric is woven and often used for suiting

39
Q

Woollen yarn

A

short staple fibres are used to produce soft, light, bulky yarns the fabric is knitted

40
Q

Hair fibres

A

mohair, alpaca, llama, cashmere, angora, vicuna

Textiles (8 decks)

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