1. Fibre Types Flashcards

1
Q

Crimp

A

a kink, curl, or zig-zag in the fibre

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2
Q

what special qualities does the crimp give to a woollen fibre?

A

The ability to stretch, trap air (so insulate), and helps resist creasing

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3
Q

Staple fibre

A

a fibre with a short length

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4
Q

Give three reasons why silk fabrics are popular for special occasion dresses

A

lustre, easy to dye, and drape - attractive; soft handle, absorbent, and warm - wearer’s comfort

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5
Q

Cellulose fibres

A

cotton, linen, ramie (also bamboo, jute, hemp, pineapple, and banana)

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6
Q

Protein fibres

A

wool, silk, hair (cashmere, angora, llama etc)

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7
Q

Regenerated fibres

A

viscose, modal, acetate

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8
Q

Synthetic fibres

A

polyester, polyamide/nylon, elastane, acrylic, PVC

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9
Q

What are synthetic fibres made from?

A

oil and coal / petrochemicals

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10
Q

What are regenerated fibres made from?

A

wood pulp - pine trees

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11
Q

What’s the difference between a mature cotton fibre and an immature cotton fibre?

A
immature = rounded cross section 
mature = dries so looks like a flattened bean, twists along length like a twisted ribbon
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12
Q

Why is cotton a poor insulator/cool to wear?

A

smooth surface of fibre so no air can be trapped between the fibres

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13
Q

Why does cotton not have lustre?

A

Flat and twisted fibre does not reflect light

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14
Q

What are the environmental and ethical concerns with cotton production?

A

cotton pickers cut their hands, inhale fumes of pesticides, pesticides harm the environment, bleaching

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15
Q

Nodes

A

Irregular joint markings where the buds come off the stem

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16
Q

More nodes =

A

less lustrous

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17
Q

Further away the nodes are =

A

better quality

18
Q

What happens to linen the more it gets washed?

A

it gets softer

19
Q

How much water can linen absorb before felling damp?

A

20% of its weight

20
Q

More creases =

A

stiffer linen

21
Q

Why is linen not lustrous?

A

not smooth - nodes and creases

22
Q

What s the strongest natural fibre?

A

ramie, 8x stronger than cotton

23
Q

Advantages of ramie

A

eco friendly (doesn’t need herbicides/pesticides) and stain resistant

24
Q

Disadvantages of ramie

A

v v expensive

25
What is the structure of silk?
2 triangular shaped filaments held together with sericin
26
Why is silk soft and lustrous?
The triangular cross section is smooth
27
What is the only natural filament fibre?
Cultivated silk
28
Cultivated silk
it dies in the cocoon so the filament is continuous and produces a smooth silk
29
Wild silk
it breaks out of the cocoon and produces a slubbed silk
30
How much water can silk absorb before feeling damp?
1/3 of its weight
31
Why are fibres non-static?
it always contains some moisture eg. cotton, silk, linen, wool
32
Lanolin
A natural grease covering the outer surface of a wool fibre which makes it water repellent.
33
Carding
two brush rollers which remove lanolin and lie the fibres parallel
34
More crimps =
finer wool
35
Shetland wool
coarse and long fibres
36
Lambswool
soft and fragile as its the first cut from the sheep
37
Merino wool
softest and warmest wool, stronger and more expensive than lambswool
38
Worsted wool
long staple fibres are used to produce a strong and smooth yarn, the fabric is woven and often used for suiting
39
Woollen yarn
short staple fibres are used to produce soft, light, bulky yarns the fabric is knitted
40
Hair fibres
mohair, alpaca, llama, cashmere, angora, vicuna