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Chemistry > 1) Extracting Metals and Equilibria > Flashcards

1) Extracting Metals and Equilibria Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the equation for when a metal reacts with water?

A

metal + water

metal hydroxide +hydrogen

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2
Q

what happens when a metal reacts with water? example.

A
  • more reactive faster the reaction
  • magnesium fizz vigorously
  • copper has no reaction
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3
Q

what are displacement reactions?

A
  • redox reactions

- including the loss or gain of electrons

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4
Q

what is oxidation?

A

loss of electrons

-moer reactive metal gets oxidised

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5
Q

what is reduction?

A

gain of electrons

-less reactive metal gets reduced

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6
Q

what is the order of reactivity series starting with most reactive?

A
  • potassium
  • sodium
  • calcium
  • magnesium
  • aluminium
  • carbon
  • zinc
  • iron
  • hydrogen
  • copper
  • silver
  • gold
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7
Q

how are most metals extracted as from the earth?

A

most metals are extracted form ores found in Earth’s crust

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8
Q

where are unreactive metals found?

A

unreactive metals ae found in the earth’s crust as the uncombined elements

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9
Q

what does the extraction of metals involve?

A

the extraction of metals involves reduction of ores

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10
Q

how are metals higher in the reactivity series extracted and how extensive is it?

A
  • extracted using electrolysis
  • expensive
  • potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, aluminium
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11
Q

how are metals lower than carbon extracted and how expensive is it?

A
  • reduction using carbon
  • i.e iron oxide is reduced
  • zinc, iron, tin, copper, silver
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12
Q

what metals are found as uncombined elements?

A

silver and gold

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13
Q

what are two other biological methods of extraction that can be used?

A

bioleahing and phytoextraction

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14
Q

why are biological methods of extraction used?

A

-extracting metals out of ores which have small amounts of the metal

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15
Q

what is bioleaching?

A
  • using bacteria

- bacteria gets energy from the bonds in the atoms separating them

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16
Q

what is phytoextraction?

A
  • growing pants in soils containing metal compound
  • metals build up in leaves
  • plants harvested, dried, burnt
  • metal extracted out of ash by electrolysis
17
Q

how does the metals position in the reactivity series relate to oxidation?

A
  • most reactive metal is least resistant to oxidation

- least reactive metal is most resistant to oxidation

18
Q

what are the advantages of recycling?

A
  • economic benefits
  • protects environment
  • conserves raw materials
19
Q

how does recycling metals save raw materials?

A
  • extracting metals uses fossil fuels
  • so recycling would reduce the use of fossil fuels
  • small fraction of energy used
20
Q

how does recycling metals cause economic benefits?

A
  • saves money, its expensive to extract

- recycling, big industry, so creates jobs

21
Q

how does recycling metals help to protect the environment?

A
  • mines damaging to environment
  • destroys habitates
  • pollutes surroundings
22
Q

what is a life cycle assessment?

A

look at each stage of the life of a product.

23
Q

what are the 4 stages in a life cycle assessment?

A
  • choice of material/raw materials
  • manufacture
  • produce use
  • disposal
24
Q

all chemical reactions are…

A

reversible

25
Q

what is dynamic equilibrium?

A

when forward and backward reactions are taking place at the same time and at the same rate and the concentrations of the reactants have balanced and wont change

26
Q

what is the harbour process?

A

example of a reversible reaction

27
Q

what is the temperature, pressure and cataleyist of the harbour process?

A
  • temp= 450 degrees
  • pressure= 200 atmospheres
  • iron catalyst
28
Q

how will the position of the dynamic equilibrium change if the temperature changes?

A
  • decrease temperature move in exothermic direction

- increase temperature move in endothermic direction

29
Q

how will the position of the dynamic equilibrium change if the pressure changes?

A
  • increase pressure move to side with fewer moles of gas

- decrease pressure move to side with more moles of gas

30
Q

how will the position of the dynamic equilibrium change if the concentration changes?

A
  • increase concentration of reactants, move right
  • increase concentration of products move left
  • decreasing is opposite

Chemistry (11 decks)

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