1: Explore The Land, MainContent, Carte 13 Flashcards

1
Q

What do geologists study?

Qu’étudient les géologues ?

A

Land and rocks, and how they are formed

Geologists analyze geological features, processes, and history.

La terre et les roches, et leur formation

Les géologues analysent les caractéristiques, les processus et l’histoire géologiques.

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2
Q

What are glaciers?

Qu’est-ce qu’un glacier ?

A

Very thick sheets of ice and snow that move slowly across the land

Glaciers play a significant role in shaping landscapes.

Des couches très épaisses de glace et de neige qui se déplacent lentement sur la terre.

Les glaciers jouent un rôle important dans la formation des paysages.

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3
Q

What is landscape?

Qu’est-ce que le paysage ?

A

The natural scenery of a very large area

Landscapes can include various landforms and ecosystems.

Le paysage naturel d’une très grande région

Les paysages peuvent inclure diverses formes de relief et d’écosystèmes.

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4
Q

What are landforms?

Qu’est-ce qu’un relief ?

A

Different features of the land, such as mountains, hills, or plains

Landforms are shaped by geological processes over time.

Différentes caractéristiques de la terre, telles que des montagnes, des collines ou des plaines.

Les reliefs sont façonnés par des processus géologiques au fil du temps.

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5
Q

How has the land of Alberta changed over time?

Comment le territoire de l’Alberta a-t-il évolué au fil du temps ?

A

It has undergone changes for millions of years due to geological events

These changes include the formation of oceans, mountains, and glaciers.

Elle a subi des changements pendant des millions d’années en raison d’événements géologiques.

Ces changements comprennent la formation d’océans, de montagnes et de glaciers.

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6
Q

What was Alberta covered with before the formation of the Rocky Mountains?

De quoi l’Alberta était-elle recouverte avant la formation des montagnes Rocheuses ?

A

Rock

The land underwent significant geological transformations leading to its current state.

Rocher

Le terrain a subi d’importantes transformations géologiques qui l’ont conduit à son état actuel.

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7
Q

What occurred after huge oceans formed over Alberta?

Que s’est-il passé après la formation d’immenses océans sur l’Alberta ?

A

The rock pushed upwards and became the Rocky Mountains

This uplift was a key geological event in Alberta’s history.

La roche a poussé vers le haut et est devenue les Montagnes Rocheuses.

Ce soulèvement a été un événement géologique clé dans l’histoire de l’Alberta.

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8
Q

What significant geological events occurred in Alberta’s history?

Quels sont les événements géologiques importants qui ont marqué l’histoire de l’Alberta ?

A

Earthquakes, volcanoes, and glaciers

These events contributed to the unique landscapes of Alberta.

Tremblements de terre, volcans et glaciers

Ces événements ont contribué à la création des paysages uniques de l’Alberta.

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9
Q

What is Big Rock?

Qu’est-ce que Big Rock ?

A

A unique landform created as glaciers melted

Big Rock is the largest rock left behind by glaciers in Alberta.

Un relief unique créé par la fonte des glaciers

Big Rock est le plus gros rocher laissé par les glaciers en Alberta.

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10
Q

How did Big Rock form?

Comment s’est formé Big Rock ?

A

Huge rocks fell onto a glacier from a mountain and were carried out by the ice

When the ice melted, these rocks were deposited along the foothills.

D’énormes rochers sont tombés d’une montagne sur un glacier et ont été emportés par la glace.

Lorsque la glace a fondu, ces roches se sont déposées le long des contreforts.

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11
Q

True or False: The Rocky Mountains were always present in Alberta.

Vrai ou faux : Les montagnes Rocheuses ont toujours été présentes en Alberta.

A

False

At one time, there were no mountains in Alberta before geological changes occurred.

Faux

Il fut un temps où il n’y avait pas de montagnes en Alberta avant que des changements géologiques ne se produisent.

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12
Q

What is Big Rock known for in Okotoks?

Pourquoi Big Rock est-il connu à Okotoks ?

A

Big Rock is a landmark used by First Nations for navigation for thousands of years.

Big Rock est un point de repère utilisé par les Premières nations pour la navigation depuis des milliers d’années.

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13
Q

What is the significance of Big Rock in modern times?

Quelle est l’importance de Big Rock à l’époque moderne ?

A

People today still look for it as a sign that they are nearing Okotoks.

Aujourd’hui encore, les gens la recherchent pour savoir s’ils approchent d’Okotoks.

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14
Q

What does the Blackfoot story about Big Rock teach?

A

It teaches important values such as generosity and honesty.

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15
Q

Who are the main characters in the Big Rock story?

A

Napi and Fox.

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16
Q

What did Napi do with his robe at Big Rock?

A

He threw it over the rock as a present.

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17
Q

What was the Rock’s response when Napi wanted to take back the robe?

A

The Rock said that if you give anything to a Rock, you cannot take it back.

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18
Q

What did Napi do when he heard a noise behind him?

A

He saw the Rock rolling after him.

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19
Q

What action did Napi take to stop the Rock?

A

He called for help from some Meadow Larks.

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20
Q

What happened to the Rock after the Meadow Larks intervened?

A

The Meadow Larks stopped the Rock and broke it into pieces.

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21
Q

How do Okotoks residents incorporate Big Rock into their daily lives?

A

They use the name ‘Big Rock’ in places like Big Rock Inn, Big Rock Towing, and Big Rock School.

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22
Q

Fill in the blank: Big Rock is part of our _______.

A

way of life.

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23
Q

True or False: Big Rock is only significant in historical context and has no relevance today.

A

False.

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24
Q

What types of fish does the narrator catch while fishing?

A

Northern pike, walleye, trout, goldeye

The narrator mentions catching these fish while fishing with their dad.

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25
What is the longest river that begins and ends in Alberta?
Athabasca River ## Footnote The Athabasca River flows from the Columbia Icefield to Lake Athabasca.
26
Where does the Athabasca River start?
Columbia Icefield ## Footnote The Columbia Icefield is located in the Rocky Mountains.
27
What activity does the narrator look forward to doing when older?
Whitewater rafting ## Footnote The narrator expresses excitement about future rafting experiences.
28
What geological event contributed to the creation of many rivers in Alberta?
Melting glaciers ## Footnote The melting of glaciers created rivers and lakes in Alberta.
29
What are two rivers mentioned that originate from glaciers?
North Saskatchewan River, Athabasca River ## Footnote These rivers are noted to begin in the glaciers of the Columbia Icefield.
30
What were rivers historically important for to the First Nations people?
Fishing and travel ## Footnote The First Nations used rivers for sustenance and as travel routes.
31
What did early Europeans use rivers for?
Highways for travel and trade ## Footnote Early Europeans built forts beside rivers for various purposes.
32
Fill in the blank: Glaciers still provide some of the water for Alberta's _______.
rivers ## Footnote This refers to the ongoing contribution of glaciers to river systems.
33
List at least four reasons why people choose to settle near rivers and lakes.
* Access to water * Fishing opportunities * Travel routes * Agricultural benefits ## Footnote These reasons highlight the practical advantages of living near water bodies.
34
How many times did the narrator's stone skip before it sank?
Eight times ## Footnote This anecdote illustrates a personal experience with skipping stones.
35
What is the name of the river that flows through Edmonton?
North Saskatchewan River ## Footnote The North Saskatchewan River has historical significance in transportation, as noted by Fred Marshall's rowboat service in 1909.
36
Which lake is located in Alberta and is mentioned in the text?
Lake Athabasca ## Footnote Lake Athabasca is one of the major lakes in Alberta.
37
Name a river that is part of the Alberta river system.
Peace River ## Footnote The Peace River is significant in Alberta's geography and ecosystems.
38
Fill in the blank: The _______ River is known for its flow through Calgary.
Bow River ## Footnote The Bow River is a key waterway in Alberta, particularly in the Calgary area.
39
What major lake is located near Fort McMurray?
Lac La Biche ## Footnote Lac La Biche is a notable lake in the region of Fort McMurray.
40
True or False: The Lesser Slave Lake is a significant water body in Alberta.
True ## Footnote Lesser Slave Lake is one of the largest lakes in Alberta and plays a crucial role in local ecosystems.
41
List three rivers mentioned in the text.
* Hay River * Oldman River * South Saskatchewan River ## Footnote These rivers are part of Alberta's extensive river system.
42
What was the fare charged by Fred Marshall for crossing the North Saskatchewan River in 1909?
5 cents ## Footnote This fare reflects the historical methods of river transport before the construction of bridges.
43
Fill in the blank: The _______ River flows through Lethbridge.
Milk River ## Footnote The Milk River is an important river in southern Alberta.
44
What role do rivers and lakes play in the location of cities and towns?
Transportation and resources ## Footnote Rivers and lakes often influence the development and location of settlements due to their accessibility.
45
Which river is associated with Medicine Hat?
South Saskatchewan River ## Footnote The South Saskatchewan River is an integral part of the region's geography.
46
What forms when glaciers melt?
Lakes ## Footnote These lakes are often referred to as glacial lakes.
47
What is the characteristic color of glacial lakes?
Light blue ## Footnote An example is Bow Lake.
48
Where is the Canadian Shield located?
Northeast corner of Alberta ## Footnote It consists of ancient rocks that have been shaped by glaciers.
49
What processes continue to shape the Canadian Shield today?
Wind and water ## Footnote These processes affect the rocks that were previously ground down by glaciers.
50
What are hoodoos?
Unique rock formations shaped by wind and water ## Footnote They consist of soft stones that have eroded away, leaving harder stones on top.
51
Where can hoodoos be found in Alberta?
Badlands near Drumheller and mountains near Banff ## Footnote These locations are known for their distinctive hoodoo formations.
52
Fill in the blank: Glacial lakes are often a beautiful _______ color.
light blue
53
What is a natural region?
An area with its own natural vegetation, climate, and landforms. ## Footnote Natural regions are characterized by their distinct environmental features.
54
How many natural regions does Alberta have?
Six natural regions. ## Footnote Each region contributes to Alberta's unique character.
55
Name one natural region of Alberta.
Boreal Forest ## Footnote Other regions include Foothills, Rocky Mountain, Parkland, Grassland, and Canadian Shield.
56
What do the natural regions of Alberta contribute to?
Alberta's unique character. ## Footnote The combination of all the regions provides diverse landscapes.
57
Fill in the blank: A natural region is characterized by its own _______.
natural vegetation, climate, and landforms.
58
True or False: The combination of Alberta's natural regions results in a uniform landscape.
False. ## Footnote Alberta's landscape is varied due to its different natural regions.
59
Which natural region covers the biggest area in Alberta?
Not specified. ## Footnote The text prompts the reader to look at a map for this information.
60
What is the Canadian Shield?
A rocky region in the north with many lakes and marshes, little soil, and specific plant types. ## Footnote Some plants in this region only grow in this part of Alberta.
61
Describe the Boreal Forest region in Alberta.
It occupies most of the northern part, is almost entirely covered with trees, has rolling hills and plains, and many rivers and wetlands. ## Footnote Trees from this region are used in the forest industries.
62
What characterizes the Foothills region?
Made up of hills leading to the Rocky Mountains, with grasslands in the far south and trees further north. ## Footnote This area is a ranching region.
63
What is unique about the Rocky Mountain region?
It is the highest area in Alberta, featuring deep valleys, rugged peaks, and some glaciers. ## Footnote Trees and small plants grow in rocky soil here.
64
What is the Parkland region known for?
Once an area of grass and trees, now cleared for farming, it has rich soil and gently rolling hills. ## Footnote This region is sometimes called the parkland prairie.
65
What are the characteristics of the Grassland region?
It can be very dry, with rivers cutting deeply into the land, used for farming, and has large grass areas with some trees near rivers. ## Footnote This region is sometimes called the grassland prairie.
66
Fill in the blank: The Boreal Forest region is almost entirely covered with _______.
[trees]
67
True or False: The Canadian Shield has rich soil.
False
68
Fill in the blank: The Rocky Mountain region features deep valleys and _______ peaks.
[rugged]
69
What type of farming is primarily associated with the Foothills region?
Ranching
70
Describe the vegetation change in the Parkland region.
Much of the vegetation was cleared for farms. ## Footnote The original vegetation included grass and trees.
71
What is the primary focus of the gathering information about?
Boreal Forest region
72
What resources will be used to gather information?
Photos from the Internet and a CD-ROM
73
What is one way to learn about the Boreal Forest region?
By looking at photos
74
What three factors need to be considered to understand why parts of Alberta are in a particular natural region?
* Natural vegetation * Climate * Landforms
75
What does 'natural vegetation' refer to?
The plants that grow there naturally
76
What aspects of climate are important in defining a natural region?
* How hot or cold it gets * How much it rains or snows
77
What are landforms?
The features of the land, such as mountains, hills, and plains
78
Fill in the blank: Alberta's natural regions include the _______.
Boreal Forest
79
Which natural region is located in Alberta alongside the Boreal Forest?
* Canadian Shield * Foothills * Rocky Mountain * Parkland * Grassland
80
True or False: The Boreal Forest region is characterized by its unique climate and vegetation.
True
81
What map skills are suggested for understanding Alberta's natural regions?
Using cardinal and intermediate directions
82
What is the significance of identifying the natural region of a community?
It helps understand the local environment and resources
83
Name two cities mentioned in the context of Alberta's natural regions.
* Edmonton * Calgary
84
What is the purpose of checking an atlas or a road map?
To describe the location of each natural region in Alberta
85
What characterizes the regions of Alberta?
The regions give Alberta its character.
86
What types of wildlife were present in the prairie grasslands 200 years ago?
* Herds of bison * Deer * Pronghorn antelope * Hundreds of birds * Burrowing owls * Wolves * Prairie grizzly bears
87
What types of native grasses were mentioned in the prairie grasslands?
* June grass * Spear grass * Western porcupine grass
88
Which Indigenous peoples were mentioned as possibly camping near a lake?
* Siksika * Piikani
89
What changes have occurred in the Grassland region today?
* Many people live in the area * Roads, railways, cities, towns, and farm buildings exist * Crops are growing instead of native plants * Fenced-in pastures for cattle grazing * Oil pumps in the fields
90
What has happened to the populations of certain animals in the Grassland region today?
Many birds, grizzly bears, and most wolves are gone.
91
What is one question posed about the native plants and animals?
How can you find out more about the native plants and animals of your region?
92
Why do some people try to protect native plants and animals?
As good citizens.
93
True or False: The pronghorn antelope and western meadowlark are still found in the grassland prairie.
True
94
Fill in the blank: The region was once home to large herds of _______.
[bison]
95
What impact do changes in the environment have on quality of life?
That's something to think about.
96
What does climate include?
Temperature and precipitation ## Footnote Temperature refers to how hot or cold a place gets, while precipitation refers to the amount of rain or snow.
97
What factors affect climate?
Latitude and elevation ## Footnote Latitude indicates how far north or south a region is, while elevation refers to whether the region is in the high mountains or low plains.
98
How can climate vary within Alberta?
Some regions are warmer and drier than others, and some get more snow ## Footnote Variations are due to factors like latitude and elevation.
99
What do the names of certain communities in Alberta say about them?
They reflect the weather and climate conditions of the area ## Footnote Examples include Cold Lake, Spring Coulee, Sunnybrook, and Windfall.
100
What can bee nests indicate about the upcoming winter?
Position of the nest indicates winter severity ## Footnote A low nest suggests a mild winter with less snow, while a high nest indicates a cold, long winter with more snow.
101
What is the difference between weather and climate?
Weather is daily conditions; climate is long-term patterns ## Footnote Weather refers to specific conditions like temperature and rain on a single day, while climate describes the average weather over a long period.
102
Where can one find information about climate for a region?
Farmers' Almanac ## Footnote The Farmers' Almanac provides information about weather and climate patterns.
103
Fill in the blank: Climate is the kind of weather that is common in an area over a _______.
[long period of time]
104
True or False: Climate includes only temperature.
False ## Footnote Climate includes both temperature and precipitation.
105
What does a higher elevation typically indicate about climate?
It may result in cooler temperatures and more precipitation ## Footnote Regions in high mountains often experience different climate conditions compared to low plains.
106
What is the temperature range in High Level for January?
−20°C ## Footnote This indicates the coldest temperature recorded in High Level during January.
107
What is the temperature range in Lethbridge for July?
16°C ## Footnote This indicates the warmest temperature recorded in Lethbridge during July.
108
What is the general trend in temperature as you move north in Alberta?
The farther north you go, the cooler it becomes. ## Footnote This trend highlights the impact of latitude on climate.
109
How do winter days differ between northern and southern Alberta?
Winter days are much shorter in the north. ## Footnote This affects the amount of sunlight crops receive during winter months.
110
How do summer days differ between northern and southern Alberta?
Summer days are much longer in the north. ## Footnote This can lead to longer growing seasons for crops in northern areas.
111
What is the temperature in High Level for June?
14°C ## Footnote This is part of the warming trend leading into summer.
112
What is the temperature in Lethbridge for November?
-19°C ## Footnote This indicates the cooling trend as winter approaches.
113
Fill in the blank: The effects of climate in these areas might not be what you _______.
expect ## Footnote This suggests that climate impacts can be counterintuitive.
114
What are the temperatures in High Level for March?
-9°C ## Footnote This shows the transition from winter to spring in northern Alberta.
115
What are the temperatures in Lethbridge for October?
-12°C ## Footnote This reflects the cooling temperatures as fall progresses.
116
What is the typical duration of sunlight in High Level during the summer?
Nearly 18 hours every day ## Footnote This long sunlight duration contributes to rapid crop growth.
117
How does the growing season in High Level affect crop growth?
The crops grow quickly due to long and warm summer days ## Footnote The author mentions that they can sometimes see the crops growing.
118
What are the typical summer conditions in Lethbridge?
Very hot and dry ## Footnote The temperature can drop quickly at night.
119
What weather phenomenon can occur in Lethbridge at night during summer?
Frost ## Footnote Frost can occur any month of the year.
120
What precaution do gardeners in Lethbridge take against frost?
Cover the vegetables in their gardens ## Footnote This is done to protect the vegetables from frost damage.
121
What happens to the climate as you climb higher in Alberta?
The climate becomes cooler and trees stop growing, leading to bare rock.
122
What are chinook winds known for in Alberta?
They are warm, dry west winds that can raise temperatures by 25°C within a few hours.
123
What does the term 'chinook' mean in the Siksika language?
'Snow eater'.
124
In which season are chinook winds most frequently felt in Alberta?
They are felt in all seasons, but more often in the southeast during winter.
125
What effect do cold winds from the Arctic have on Alberta's climate?
They can cause winter temperatures to drop quickly.
126
What unusual weather event occurred during the 1988 Winter Olympics in Alberta?
A chinook wind melted ice, delaying the bobsleigh and luge races.
127
Fill in the blank: The _______ is a dry, warm west wind that comes down from the mountains in Alberta.
chinook
128
What types of plants grow at the top of the Rocky Mountains?
They are similar to those that grow in the far north.
129
List three factors that cause climate to change in Alberta.
* Elevation * Chinook winds * Arctic winds
130
True or False: Alberta's climate is always cold and snowy during winter.
False
131
What is a significant challenge for livestock in the foothills during winter?
Very cold temperatures ## Footnote Cold temperatures can affect the health and productivity of livestock.
132
How does climate impact outdoor activities in Alberta?
Outdoor activities change with the season and region ## Footnote Different seasons and regions offer various outdoor activities.
133
What is one way that spring weather can affect farmers?
If spring is too cold, crops might not be planted on time ## Footnote Timely planting is crucial for crop yield.
134
What can very wet conditions in summer lead to for farmers?
Affect the harvest ## Footnote Excess moisture can hinder harvesting operations.
135
What kind of damage can hailstorms cause?
Damage to crops ## Footnote Hail can destroy crops, impacting farmers' livelihoods.
136
What is the primary mode of travel to northern places like Fort Chipewyan in summer?
By air ## Footnote Soft and wet ground conditions make road access difficult.
137
How do people travel in winter to northern communities?
On special winter roads and on ice roads ## Footnote Winter conditions allow for different travel methods.
138
What happens if the weather is unusually warm in winter?
The ground thaws, requiring reliance on airplanes ## Footnote Thawing can disrupt travel plans and access.
139
Fill in the blank: The air ambulance helps people in _______.
Fort Chipewyan ## Footnote Air ambulances are crucial for remote healthcare access.
140
How does climate affect the quality of life?
It influences daily activities, work, and travel ## Footnote Climate conditions directly impact lifestyle and wellbeing.
141
What is a significant challenge for livestock in the foothills during winter?
Very cold temperatures ## Footnote Cold temperatures can affect the health and productivity of livestock.
142
How does climate impact outdoor activities in Alberta?
Outdoor activities change with the season and region ## Footnote Different seasons and regions offer various outdoor activities.
143
What is one way that spring weather can affect farmers?
If spring is too cold, crops might not be planted on time ## Footnote Timely planting is crucial for crop yield.
144
What can very wet conditions in summer lead to for farmers?
Affect the harvest ## Footnote Excess moisture can hinder harvesting operations.
145
What kind of damage can hailstorms cause?
Damage to crops ## Footnote Hail can destroy crops, impacting farmers' livelihoods.
146
What is the primary mode of travel to northern places like Fort Chipewyan in summer?
By air ## Footnote Soft and wet ground conditions make road access difficult.
147
How do people travel in winter to northern communities?
On special winter roads and on ice roads ## Footnote Winter conditions allow for different travel methods.
148
What happens if the weather is unusually warm in winter?
The ground thaws, requiring reliance on airplanes ## Footnote Thawing can disrupt travel plans and access.
149
Fill in the blank: The air ambulance helps people in _______.
Fort Chipewyan ## Footnote Air ambulances are crucial for remote healthcare access.
150
How does climate affect the quality of life?
It influences daily activities, work, and travel ## Footnote Climate conditions directly impact lifestyle and wellbeing.
151
What is Alberta known for in terms of weather?
Alberta is the sunniest province in Canada ## Footnote This characteristic contributes to its unique climate and quality of life.
152
What is the chinook wind?
A dry, warm wind that raises temperatures very rapidly ## Footnote The chinook wind is a significant weather phenomenon in Alberta.
153
What is an Alberta clipper?
A fierce, cold wind that starts near the Rocky Mountains and blows out of the province quickly ## Footnote Alberta clippers can bring sudden drops in temperature.
154
What was the coldest day ever recorded in Alberta?
-61.1°C in Fort Vermilion in January 1911 ## Footnote This record highlights the extreme cold conditions in Alberta.
155
What was significant about December 1999 in Claresholm, Alberta?
Temperatures exceeded 20°C, leading to grass fires and trees sprouting leaves ## Footnote This event illustrates the temperature variability in Alberta.
156
Can it snow in Alberta during summer months?
Yes, it has been known to snow in parts of Alberta even in summer ## Footnote This indicates the unpredictable nature of Alberta's weather.
157
What was the warmest day ever recorded in Alberta?
43.3°C at Bassano Dam on July 21, 1931 ## Footnote This record showcases the extreme heat that can occur in the province.
158
What hazards can arise due to Alberta's weather conditions?
Forest fires due to dry conditions ## Footnote Alberta experiences variability in precipitation, leading to increased fire risks.
159
Where in Alberta is lightning most likely to strike?
The foothills and eastern slopes of the Rockies ## Footnote These areas experience about half a million lightning strikes each year.