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Nutrition > 1. Equine Nutrition 1-3 > Flashcards

1. Equine Nutrition 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

If you are feeding your horse for efficiency you should feed _____, like ____ and _____

A

High quality feeds, like grains and seed meals

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2
Q

If you are feeding your horse for effectivity you should feed ____, like ____ and _____.

A

High fiber feeds like grasses and hays

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3
Q

What is wave mouth? cna it be fixed?

A

When the teeth are diseased and worn improperly causing difficulty eating. Cannot be fixed. must catch earlier

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4
Q

Where does protein digestion occur?

A

Small intestine

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5
Q

Protein is absorbed as __

A

AA

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6
Q

T/F. The more feed in the stomach the faster the transit time in the SI

A

T

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7
Q

Site of absorption of vitamins and minerals

A

SI

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8
Q

What are the 4 fat soluble vitamins absorbed in the SI

A

A, D, E, K

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9
Q

Problems and segments of the SI usually removed are the ____

A

Ileum

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10
Q

What segment of the sI does the most work?

A

ileum

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11
Q

What part of the GIT absorbs carotene?

A

SI

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12
Q

You can remove up to __% of the SI w/o problems

A

50%

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13
Q

Site of absorption of carbohydrates

A

SI

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14
Q

Hydrolyzable carbohydrates

A

Starches

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15
Q

Fat is absorbed in the SI as ____ and ___.

A

Triglycerides and glycerol

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16
Q

Which 3 minerals are absorbed in the SI?

A

Ca, Mg, Phos

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17
Q

Feed from a single meal can appear in the LI within ___ hrs

A

2

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18
Q

___ is the primary site of water absorption

A

LI

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19
Q

Digestion in the LI is primarily due to ___

A

microbial fermentation

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20
Q

Microbes in the LI utilize what 3 things?

A

fiber, starch, protein

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21
Q

Microbes in the LI breakdown ____

A

structural carbohydrates of plants

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22
Q

Microbes in the LI produce ___

A

VFAs

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23
Q

What are the 3 VFAs produced by microbes in the LI

A

Acetate, Butyrate, Propionate

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24
Q

If a horse is on rich, lush, green pastures there is a possibility they can develop over condition leading to ___ and ____.

A

laminitis and colic

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25
Q

What are the 4 structural carbohydrates?

A
  1. cellulose
  2. hemicellulose
  3. Ligno-cellulose
  4. lignin
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26
Q

What are the 5 categories of carbohydrates?

A
  1. Non-structural
  2. structural
  3. Hydrolyzable
  4. Rapidly fermentable
  5. Slowly fermentable
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27
Q

What are the 2 non structural carbohydrates

A

Starch, fructans

28
Q

T/F. Lignin is easily metabolized by the horse?

A

F

29
Q

Where are Hydrolyzable CHOs digested

A

SI

30
Q

What are the 2 examples of Hydrolyzable CHO

A
  1. Simple sugars

2. Non resistant starches

31
Q

Where are rapidly fermentable CHOs digested

A

LI (microbes)

32
Q

What are two ex. of rapidly fermentable CHOs

A
  1. resistant starches

2. oligosaccharides

33
Q

Where are slowly fermentable CHOs digested

A

SI (microbes)

34
Q

Average horses, doing general work need nothing more than ____, _____, and ____.

A

good quality pasture
water
Salt block

35
Q

How do you assess long term nutrition and feeding?

A

Body condition Not wt.

36
Q

Which feedstuff has the greatest variability in nutrient composition

A

Forages

37
Q

Legumes have high/low crude protein and calcium

A

High

38
Q

Why is processing sometimes a problem in equine feeds?

A

could inc. rate of passage through GIT, decreasing digestibility

39
Q

P is 30% available due to interactions with ___

A

phyates

40
Q

Ca availablity is affected by ____ and ____

A

phyates and oxylates

41
Q

T/F. Cellulose is not digested in the SI

A

T

42
Q

what is proprionate, from cellulose breakdown, used for?

A

gluconeogenesis

43
Q

What are the 4 criteria of good quality hay

A
  1. harvested early
  2. free of mold
  3. not undergone excessive weathering
  4. leafy and not stemmy
44
Q

what is the main type of legume in horses

A

alfalfa

45
Q

T/F. Alfalfa tends to have 2-3x more protein and Ca than other hays

A

T

46
Q

T/F. Alfalfa tends to have more carotene and vit. E than other hays

A

T

47
Q

Where is Beet pulp absorbed

A

LI

48
Q

Beet pulp can make up what percentage of a horses diet?

A

50%

49
Q

T/F Beet pulp has a high glycemic index

A

F. Low

50
Q

Advantages of feeding corn to horse:

A
  1. Double the energy of oats
  2. cheap
  3. High vit. A
51
Q

Disadvantages of feeding corn:

A
  1. Lower protein

2. mold toxicity

52
Q

Advantages to feeding oats?

A
  1. High fiber

2. Better protein than corn

53
Q

Disadvantages to oats?

A
  1. inconsistent quality

2. Expensive

54
Q

What is the most common protein supplement in horses

A

Soybean meal

55
Q

Why is molasses added to horse feed?

A
  1. palatability
  2. dec. dust
  3. High Ca content
56
Q

In a high fat diet the fat component is added by adding _____.

A

Rice bran

57
Q

What are the two types of commercially prepared feeds?

A
  1. Complete feeds

2. Grain mixes

58
Q

T/F. Nutrient Requirements represent. a minimum requirement for most nutrients

A

T

59
Q

Most vitamins and minerals use _____ times NRC

A

1.25-3

60
Q

Nutrient requirements are based on what 4 factors?

A
  1. Type of horse
  2. Age
  3. Current BCS
  4. Physiologic state (repro, excessive fitness)
61
Q

First Limiting AA

A

Lysine

62
Q

What is the ideal Ca/P ratio in the growing horse?

A

2:1

63
Q

What is the ideal Ca/P ratio in the adult horse?

A

1:1 - 6:1

64
Q

The liver stores 3-6 month supply of Vit. __

A

A

65
Q

Where is Vit. E found?

A

Green growing pastures

66
Q

What are two equine grain-associated disorders?

A
  1. gastrointestinal disorders

2. Metabolic disorders

67
Q

Effects of grain on LI

A
  1. Acidification
  2. Altered flora
  3. Mucosal damage

Nutrition (5 decks)

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