Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Dispensing > 1. Emulsions > Flashcards

1. Emulsions Flashcards

1
Q

What is Ansel’s definition of emulsions?

A

Emulsion is a dispersion in which the dispersed phase is composed of small liquids globules distributed throughout a vehicle in which it is immiscible.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is alternate definition of emulsions?

A

An emulsion is essentially a semi-solid preparation containing a mixture of oil and water that is rendered homogeneous by the addition of am emulsifying agent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is internal phase?

A

Dispersed phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is external phase?

A

Continuous phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is an emulsifying agent?

A

It is another component required for preparing stable emulsions. Also known an emulgent or emulsifier.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the types of emulsions?

A
  1. O/W emulsions
  2. W/O emulsions
  3. Multiple emulsions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is O/W emulsion?

A

Emulsions with oleaginous internal phase and aqueous external phase (O/w)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Give an example of O/W emulsion?

A

Milk, vanishing cream, mineral oil emulsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is W/O emulsion?

A

Emulsions with an aqueous internal phase and oleaginous external phase (W/O)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Give an example of W/O emulsion?

A

Cold cream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is multiple emulsion?

A

Emulsion in which an oil droplet enclosing a water molecule may be suspended in water to form water-in-oil-in-water emulsion or vice versa (W/O/W)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Give advantages of emulsion?

A
  1. Unpalatable oils can be administered in palatable forms
  2. Aqueous phase is easily flavored
  3. Taste of oil is masked
  4. Absorption is improved
  5. It is possible to add two immiscible liquids in emulsions form
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Give disadvantages of emulsions?

A
  1. A measuring device is required for administration
  2. Emulsions require shaking before use to ensure uniformity
  3. Improper storage conditions can affect disperse system
  4. Microbial contamination can lead to cracking
  5. Emulsions are bulky and difficult to transport
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are formulative additives of emulsions?

A

Antioxidants, preservatives and flavorants, colorants and perfumes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are antioxidants?

A

They are added to prevent oxidation of oil during its shelf life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Give examples of antioxidants.

A

ascorbic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are preservatives?

A

They are added for stability modification and increase in shelf life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Give some examples of preservatives.

A

Benzoin acid, chloroform, chloroform water, methyl paraben, benzyl alcohol etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why are flavorants, colorants and perfumes used?

A

To increase appeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is emulsifier?

A

Emulsifier is any material which promotes emulsification and maintains the stability for intended shelf life of product.

21
Q

What is the criteria for emulsifier?

A
  1. It should be stable
  2. It should be compatible with other ingredients
  3. It should be non toxic
  4. It should possess little or no color, odor or taste
  5. It should not intervene with safety or efficacy of formulation
22
Q

What is HLB value?

A

Hydrophilic-lipophilic balance is the number indicating the polarity of substance. Although HLB values are assigned till 40, usual range is 1-20

23
Q

What does the value 3-6 indicate?

A

Greatly lipophilic, produces W/O emulsions

24
Q

What does the value 8-18 indicate?

A

It shows hydrophilic, produced O/W emulsions

25
Q

HLB value of acacia

A

8

26
Q

sorbitan laurate

A

8.6

27
Q

sorbitan stearate

A

4.7

28
Q

Polysorbate 20

A

16.7

29
Q

Polysorbate 80

A

15

30
Q

Sodium Lauryl stearate

A

40

31
Q

sodium oleate

A

18

32
Q

Tragacanth

A

13.2

33
Q

Triethanolamine oleate

A

12

34
Q

What are the methods of preparation of emulsion?

A
  1. Continental/Dry gum method
  2. English/Wet gum method
  3. Forbes or Bottle method
  4. Auxilliary method
35
Q

What is the continental method of emulsion preparation?

A

Emulsifying agent is mixed with oil before addition of water. It is also called 4:2:1 method (4 parts oil, 2 parts 1, 1 part emulsifying agent)

36
Q

Describe the method of continental emulsion method.

A
  1. Emulsifying agent is triturated with oil until thoroughly mixed
  2. Two parts of water added at once and triturated
  3. Primary emulsions is produced when crackling sound formed
  4. Other ingredients are added
37
Q

What is the formula of mineral oil emulsion?

A

Mineral oil - 500 mL
Acacia - 125 g
syrup - 100mL
Vanillin - 40 mg
Alcohol - 60 mL
Water to 100 mL
Prepared by dry gum method

38
Q

What is the use of mineral oil?

A

As lubricating cathartic with usual dose 30 mL

39
Q

What is the English/wet gum method?

A

Water and emulsifier are mixed and oil is added later.
1. Mucilage of gum is prepared by dissolving twice weight of water in mortar.
2. Oil is added in portions and triturated
3. Mixed for several minutes to ensure uniformity.
4. Other formulative ingredients are added.

40
Q

What is the formula for liquid paraffin emulsion?

A

Liquid paraffin - 30mL
Acacia - 7.5 g
Water to 1000mL
Prepared by wet gum method

41
Q

What is the use of liquid paraffin emulsion?

A

It is used as a laxative for constipation.

42
Q

What is the forbes or bottle method?

A

It is used for the extemporaneous preparation of emulsions.
1. Acacia is placed in capped bottle.
2. Two parts oil is added.
3. Mixture is thoroughly shaken.
4. Volume of water equal to oil is added and shaken.
5. Mixture is shaken.
6. Remaining water is added and shaken.

43
Q

What is auxilliary method?

A

Hand homogenizer is used.
1. Primary emulsion is produced by using either dry gum or wet gum method.
2. Emulsion is forced through a small orifice
3. Globule size reduced upto 5 micrometer
4. Quality of emulsion increased.

44
Q

What is an emulgel?

A

An emugel is basically a gellified emulsion, prepared by mixing an o/w or w/o emulsion with gelling agent.
Different anti-fungals, anti-inflammatory and other drugs are prepared in the form of emulgels.

45
Q

What are the advantages of emulgels?

A
  1. Dual control of drug release, emulsion and gel
  2. Enhanced stability
  3. Well suited for hydrophobic drugs
46
Q

Name some emulsions available in the market?

A
  1. Rozex (Metronidazole) - topical antibacterial
  2. Diprivan (propofol) - IV sedative
  3. Cremaffin (liquid paraffin) - oral laxative
  4. Voltral emulgel (diclofenac diethylamine) - topical anti-inflammatory
47
Q

Give information about the packaging of emulsions.

A

Plain amber colored bottle is used for oral emulsions with CRC’s
Amber colored fluted bottles for topical emulsions

48
Q

Storage of emulsions

A

Store at cool and dry place. Use in maximum 1 month after opening.

49
Q

Advisory label for emulsions.

A

“Shake well before use” for both oral and topical emulsions
“For external use only” for external emulsions

Dispensing (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions