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Epidemiology > 1. Emerging Infectious Diseases & Prevention, Control, and Eradication > Flashcards

1. Emerging Infectious Diseases & Prevention, Control, and Eradication Flashcards

1
Q

Previously unknown disease that suddenly appears in a population

A

emerging

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2
Q

A known disease that suddenly appears in a new population

A

Emerging

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3
Q

A known disease, previously on the decline, that is becoming more common and will likely continue to do so

A

Re-emerging

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4
Q

What are the 5 stages of pathogen emergence from animals to people

A
  1. Pathogen exclusive to animal reservoir
  2. An. reservoir transmits to humans or other ans. but dead end hosts
  3. an. reservoir trans. to humans/ans. with a few cycles among them
  4. An. reservoir transmits to humans/ans. with sustained transmission among
  5. Pathogen exclusive to humans/ new an. reservoir
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5
Q

T/F. The best transmission is within the species

A

T

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6
Q

What are 3 things that inc. the probability of transmission from a reservoir to a new host

A
  1. inc. abundance of the reservoir
  2. inc. pathogen prevalence in reservoir
  3. inc. contact b/t reservoir and new host
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7
Q

What are the 4 goals of medicine?

A
  1. to promote health
  2. To preserve health
  3. To restore health when it is impaired
  4. To minimize suffering and distress
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8
Q

Actions aimed at eradicating, eliminating, or minimizing the impact of diseases and disability, or if none of these are feasible retarding the process of the disease and disability

A

prevention

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9
Q

What are the 4 levels of prevention

A
  1. Primary
  2. Seconday
  3. Tertiary
  4. Primordial
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10
Q

What is the aim of primordial prevention

A

inhibit the emergence of risk factors

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11
Q

what is the main intervention strategy of primordial prevention?

A

individual and mass education

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12
Q

What is the aim of primary prevention?

A

maintain a healthy population by preventing the occurance of a disease

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13
Q

Which level of prevention is in place before the disease even occurs?

A

Primary

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14
Q

What are 3 examples of primary prevention?

A
  1. Vacc.
  2. Border security
  3. meat inspection
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15
Q

What is the aim of secondary prevention

A

to reduce the impact of a disease or injury that has already occured

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16
Q

Which level of prevention deals with detecting and treating as soon as possible?

A

Secondary

17
Q

What is the aim of tertiary prevention?

A

soften the impact of an ongoing illness or injury that has lasting effects by reducing complications, slowing down the progression, and reducing the severity of the symptoms

18
Q

Permanent reduction to zero of the worldwide incidence of infection caused by a specific agent

A

Eradication

19
Q

the reduction to zero of new cases in defined geographical area

A

Elimination

20
Q

What are the 3 steps in elinating a pathogen

A
  1. Reservoir neutralization
  2. Reducing contact
  3. Inc. host resistance
21
Q

What are 3 ways of reservoir neutralization?

A
  1. removing infected animals
  2. rendering infected individuals non-shedders
    3 manipulating environment
22
Q

What are 2 examples of removing infected animals

A
  1. test and slaughter

2. mass therapy

23
Q

What are 2 ways to manipulate the environment?

A
  1. parasite control

2. mosquito control

24
Q

What are the 3 ways of reducing contact?

A
  1. isolation or tx of cases
  2. quarantine of possible infected
  3. population control
25
Q

3 ways to inc. host resistance?

A
  1. genetic isolation
  2. Chemoprophylaxis
  3. Vaccination
26
Q

What are the 5 national disease control components?

A
  1. Animal health law regulations
  2. Disease control management agency
  3. Vet./Inspection serices
  4. Lab Services
  5. Surveillance, information, education, communication, and training
27
Q

What are the 3 categories of Animal health law and regulations?

A
  1. International regulations
  2. National regulations
  3. State regulations
28
Q

What does SPS stand for? and what two organizations follow?

A

Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures agreement

WTO and OIE

29
Q

What is the animal health act?

A

Prevention, detection, control, and elimination of diseases and pests of animals

30
Q

Example of disease control management agency:

A

USDA-APHIS

31
Q

What is USDA-APHIS

A

protect the health and value of american agriculture and natural resources

32
Q

What are the 4 things that state animal health authorities are responsible for?

A
  1. Animal disease issues at state level
  2. Delivery of the federal programs
  3. Admin. of interstate certificates of vet inspection
  4. Overseeing state-specific disease control activities and regulations
33
Q

Ex. of veterinary/ inspection service

A

USDA-APHIS

34
Q

Ex of Lab. services

A

USDA-APHIS, National animal Health Lab Network (NAHLN)

35
Q

two examples of Companies for information, education, communication, and training

A

National Animal Health and Monitoring Systm (NAHMS)

Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health (CEAH)

Epidemiology (8 decks)

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