1 - Embryonic Development Flashcards
Epithelial Cells Description
Polarised cells, tight junctions, apical / basolateral
Line cavities or hollow structures
Seal off underlying tissue
Creation of compartments, separation of inside from outside
Epithelial Cells Function
Protection
Mesenchymal Cells Description
Non-polarised cells
Migratory
Mesenchymal Cells Function
Support Tissues
Neural Crest - how do cells get specified (induction of the crest)
Medium levels of BMP induce neural crest, activation of transcription factors, activation of snail which regulates the transition of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
Neural Crest - how do cells get specified (signalling molecules)
induce expression of downstream effector genes (identify cells and tissue)
What does EMT stand for?
Epithelial mesenchymal transition
EMT function?
Necessary for cells to become migratory
What’s cell migration
Present or absence of molecules
Cell-cell contact as Signalling Mechanism
Cell adhesion molecules (CAM)
E-caderin (surface ectoderm)
N-caderin (neural tissue)
Cell differentiation stages
Neural crest cells contribute to the fomration of the facial skeleton
Cranial neural crest differentation is regulated by BMP levels
Signalling factors
BMP
Wnt
FGF
Cell adhesion molecules
E-Cadherin
N-Cadherin
Identity
neural crest
surface ectoderm and neural tissue
transcription factors
Migration
EMT (loss of epithelial characteristics)
Differentiation
cartilage vs bone
Stem cells and development - haematopoiesis
Generation of blood cells (throughout life
Capacity to give rise to a large number of specialised cells
In bone marrow)
Why does haematopoiesis migrate into the bone marrow
provides the stem cell with optimal environment (promotes self rem)
