1. Diversity of Life Flashcards
What are the 7 Properties of Life?
- Order
- Evolutionary Adaptation
- Response to the Environment
- Regulation
- Energy Processing
- Growth and Development
- Reproduction
What is Order?
Living Organisms contain specialized, coordinated parts that are highly organized.
They contain one or more cells
Ex. Cells form tissues, tissue form organs
What is Response to External Stimuli?
Give an example.
All living things detect stimuli in the environment and respond to them.
Ex.
Phototaxis - Plants bend toward the sunlight
Chemotaxis - Bacteria move toward or away from chemicals
What is Growth and Development?
All living organisms grow and develop following specific instructions coded by their genes.
Genes provide instruction for cellular growth and development, ensuring that a species young will grow to exhibit many of the same characteristics as its parents.
What is Evolutionary Adaptation?
What is Evolution by Natural Selection?
Individuals with traits that contribute to reproduction and survival in a particular environment will leave more offspring.
Overtime advantageous traites will become more common in the population
What is Homeostasis?
Organisms are able to maintain internal conditions within a narrow range almost constantly, despite environmental changes, through homeostasis.
In order to function properly, cells need to have appropriate conditions such as proper temperature, pH, and appropriate concentration of diverse chemicals.
What is Response to External Stimuli?
Give an example.
All living things detect stimuli in the environment and respond to them.
Ex.
Phototaxis - Plants bend toward the sunlight
Chemotaxis - Bacteria move toward or away from chemicals
What is Energy Processing? Give an Example.
All organisms use a source of energy for their metabolic activities.
Some organisms capture energy from the sun and convert it into chemical energy in food; others use chemical energy in molecules they take in as food.
What is Reproduction?
Single-celled organisms reproduce by first duplicating their DNA – they then divide it equally as the cell prepares to divide to form two new cells.
Multicellular organisms often produce specialized reproductive germ line cells (which produce either sperm or egg cells) that will form new individuals.
When reproduction occurs, genes are passed along to an organism’s offspring – these genes ensure that the offspring will belong to the same species and will have similar charact
What is Negative Feedback?
Negative Feedback acts to oppose stimulus that triggers them.
Stimulus –> Sensor –> Control –> Effector
Ex.
Stimulus: Body Temp >37 C
Sensor: Nerve Cells in Skin and Brain
Control: Temp regulatory center in brain
Effector: Sweat Glands throughout body
What is Taxonomy?
Branch of science that names and classifies biological organisms (living or extinct), and organizes them according to their similarities (i.e., morphology, behavior, and DNA
What are the 3 Domains of Life?
Bacteria and Archaea
- Composed of Prokaryotes
- Archaea are a special type of prokaryote found in harsh/inhospitable environments (undersea volcanic vents, acidic hot springs, salty water
- Examples of archaea: halophiles (live in extremely salty environments), thermophiles (found in heat producing or heat prone areas), and acidophiles/alkaliphiles
Eukarya
- Composed of the eukaryotes
- Protists, fungi, plants and animals
Prokaryote Kingdoms (2)
Domain Archaea -> Kingdom Archaebacteria
Domain Bacteria -> Kingdom Eubacteria
Organize the diversity of life
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
First 5 Levels of Biological Organization
- Biosphere - Part of planet supporting life and all organisms that live there
- Ecosystem - Living organims in conjuction with non-living components interacting as a system
- Community - populations of different species that live together in a defined area or region
- Population - comprises all individuals (organisms) of a given specific species in a defined area or region
- Organisms -