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DT 3 Test 1 > 1. Diuretics > Flashcards

1. Diuretics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the therapeutic uses of acetazolamide?

A

mountain sickness, glaucoma, alkalinize urine

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2
Q

Alkalinizing urine would promote the excretion of what type of toxin?

A

a weak acid

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3
Q

What are the potential side effects of acetazolamide?

A

metabolic acidosis (hyperchloric), drowsiness, hypokalemia, hypersensitivity (sulfa drug)

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4
Q

A mountain climber is preparing to scale Mount Everest. A physician prescribes him a drug to help prevent mountain sickness. What is the most likely method of action of this drug?

A

increasing Na/bicarb excretion in proximal tubule (CA inhibitor)

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5
Q

What is the MOA of hydrochlorothiazide?

A

inhibiting luminal Na/Cl cotransport in the distal tubule

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6
Q

A patient in your practice has osteoporosis and edema. What diuretic drug would be a good choice?

A

hydrochlorothiazide

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7
Q

A patient in your practice has gout and edema. Which diuretic drugs would be a bad choice?

A

hydrochlorothiazides

loop diuretics

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8
Q

What are the indications of hydrochlorothiazide?

A

HTN, CHF/other edema, DI, hypercalciuric renal stones, nephrotic syndrome (with spironolactone)

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9
Q

What drug combo is a good choice for nephrotic syndrome?

A

hydrochlorothiazide and spironolactone

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10
Q

A CHF patient also has kidney function problems, including a low GFR. Which two hydrochlorothiazide drugs are possible choices to prescribe him?

What other drug class would be a good choice?

A

metolazone, indapamide

loop diuretics like furosemide

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11
Q

A CHF patient is taking digitalis. Which drug do you want to avoid coadministering to avoid hypokalemia?

A

hydrochlorothiazide

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12
Q

You are treating a diabetic patient with CHF and hyperlipidemia. Which diuretic drugs would be a bad choice?

A

hydrochlorothiazides

loop diuretics

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13
Q

You want to prescribe a loop diuretic with a patient with known hypersensitivity to every sulfa drug she has been prescribed. Which drug is the best choice?

A

ethacrynic acid

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14
Q

What is the MOA of furosemide?

A

Inhibiting Na-K-2Cl symporter in the luminal membrane of the thick ascending loop of Henle

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15
Q

What are the indications of furosemide?

A

acute pulmonary edema, other edemas, HTN (ok for low GFR), hypercalcemia

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16
Q

A patient who is currently taking aminoglycosides is given a diuretic and develops hearing problems. What drug class was the patient prescribed?

A

loop diuretic

17
Q

Which diuretic class is most likely to cause hypovolemia?

A

loop diuretics

18
Q

Which drug classes can cause hypokalemia?

A

loop diuretics
thiazides
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

19
Q

What is the MOA of spironolactone and eplerenone?

A

aldosterone antagonists in the late distal tubule and collecting duct

20
Q

What is the DOC to prevent edema in patients with hepatic cirrhosis or nephrotic syndrome?

A

spironolactone

21
Q

A patient is prescribed a drug for primary hyperaldosteronism and develops gynecomastia. Which drug was prescribed?

A

spironolactone

22
Q

What are the indications for eplerenone?

A

HTN, CHF post-MI

23
Q

Which diuretics are sodium channel blockers in the late distal tubule and collecting duct?

A

triameterene, amiloride

24
Q

Which diuretic drugs can be administered for secondary hyperaldosteronism

A

triamterene, amiloride

25
Q

What are the indications for IV mannitol?

A

increased ICP, maintain urine flow (toxicity, shock), glaucoma

26
Q

What is the mechanism of action of acetazolamide?

A

blocking Na and bicarb reabsorption in the proximal tubule

27
Q

What is the DOC IN HEPATIC CIRRHOSIS PATIENTS?

A

spironolactone

28
Q

What sort of metabolic derangement does acetazolamide cause?

A

hypokalemic acidosis

29
Q

Which drugs are not useful in patients with aldosterone deficiency?

A

spironolactone

eplerenone

30
Q

Which diuretic class causes the worst hypokalemia?

A

CA inhibitors

DT 3 Test 1 (8 decks)

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