1: Diseases Flashcards
Diagnosis
identification of specific disease through gathering data
Etiology
causative factors in disease
- etiologic agents: congenital disorgers, trauma, enviro factios etc…
Idiopathic
UNKNOWN CAUSE of disease
Iatrogenic
treatment, procedure or error in cause of disease
- due to previous medical implementation
ie: affiliated risk with chemotherapy
Nosocomial
disease originating in healthcare facility
Predisposing factors
RISKS
- increase chances of developing disease
tendencies that promote development of a disease in an individual
Pathogenesis
development of disease
- sequence
Acute onset
SUDDEN & OBVIOUS presence of disease
- more temporary
- marked signs
Chronic/Insidious onset
GRADUAL progression with VAGUE/MILD signs
- lengthy illness or disease process
note: chronic disease may have acute episodes
Subclinical state
pathologic changes occur
no obvious manifestations
- latent state for chronic disease
- asymptomatic state
Name the characteristics of disease
- Latent stage/Incubation period
- Prodromal state
- Illness
- Decline
- Convalescence
Latent Stage
no symptoms or clinical signs are evident
Incubation Period
time from exposure to onset of signs/symptoms for infections/disease
Prodromal Period
awareness of change but unclear/absent signs
- vague, general symptoms
Manifestations
clinical evidence or effects of disease
- local or systemic
- signs + symptoms
Signs
objective indicators observable & measurable by others
Symptoms
subjective feelings
Syndrome
collection of signs and symptoms
Lesion
specific local change in tissue (micro or macro)
Diagnostics tests
assist in diagnosis of disease
Remisission
manifestations of the disease subside or are absent
Exacerbations
signs of disease increase
Precipitating factor
acute episode occurs with chronic illness
ie: having heart disease + shovelling snow -> chest pain
Complications
new secondary or additional problems
Sequelae
unwanted outcomes of primary condition
Therapy
treatment measures to promote recovery or slow the progress of disease
Convalescence & Rehabilitation
period of recovery and returning to normal healthy state
Prognosis
probability for recovery or for other outcomes
Epidemiology
science of identifying the causative factors & tracking the pattern or occurrence of disease
Morbidity
disease rate in population
Mortality
of deaths within a population due to disease
Epidemic
higher than expected number of causes of an infectious disease occur within a given area
- LOCALIZED
Pandemic
involve higher number of cases in many regiosn of the globe
Prevalence
number of new and old cases (always larger #)
Incidence
number of new cases
What reflects/tracks the occurrence of diseases
prevalence + incidence
Communicable disease
spread from 1 person to another
Notifiable disease
by law physician must notify public health agency
- statistical reasons
- monitor and track spread
