1: Changes In Orgnisation Flashcards
What is the McNeill-Tulloch report? And what were it’s findings ?
It was a report into the problems in the Crimian war.
- majority of casualties were the result of diseases and not due to enemy action.
- lack of fresh food
- units not receiving daily rations
- kettles lost and men had to cook in mess tins
- the soldiers still attendeing duties dispute poor health
- officers were good
- the supply that did arrive at Balaklava they were not being delivered.lime juice was important for stopping scurvy and yet it was not given to the troops
- lack of feed for horses 40% died
- command was poor
- army short on medicine
What were the problems that the Cardwell reforms faced ?
- old school Generals such as Wellington were holding them back
- there was economic prosperity and other jobs were better than the army
- minum years in army was 12 years.
- flogging and branding
- there was still the purchase system cheapest rank was £400 the average was £30-40
What were the Cardwell reforms ?
- removed flogging in peacetime and branding abolished all together .
- bounty money was abolished in 1870
- the Army Enlightenment Act (1870) allowed men to serve half of their 12-year term in the reserves
- Regulation of the Forces Act (1871) linked regiments to geographic areas
- purchase system abolished 1871
- £2 million to pay for another 20,000 troops
- Regulation of the Forces Act 1871: this linked a regiment with an area . Home battalion helped the one over seas
What was the Halfane reforms ?
Even with certain punishments were abolished other aspects of life was still hard
A private still earned less than a farmer after stopeges
Most officers still from upper classes
What were the Haldane reforms 1905-12
These were a set of army reforms after the Bore War.
- Expeditonary : this was a fully professional band of soldiers to be used across the globe
- Territoral : home defence
The expidinary had six infrarny devisions , support units, and Calvary and more .
Militia became part of the Territorials
- officer training Corps by 1914 20,000 school boys
- Imperial General Staff
What were Graham reforms ?
- ordered that all crews at sea or in harbour should proform an exercise related to gunnery and set up a permanent school of gunnery at HMS Excellent
- a standardised system of gunnery
- there were to many captains and not enough ships very possible for a captain to become an admiral without ever sailing a ship
- a officer had to of had a minimum number of years on a ship
- abolished the Naval Office and Victualing Board
Fisher reforms
- officers had study history,navigation and seamenship along with mathematics,engineering and science
- created the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve meaning Britain had a larger force to call upon in times of war
What was HMS Dreadnought ?
It was a new breed of new battle ships. HMS Dreadnought had ten 12 pounders with armer pecing shells
- first Battle ship to be powered by steam and fastest ship in the world
- more accurate as it had divices that took the speed of a ship into account
- Germans tried to catch up
By 1914 Germany had 17 and Britain had 29
What was the Press Gang ?
Press gang was the practice of impressment. Men forced into the Navy . Any seamen could be taken . Normal taken from civilian ships.
Recruiting volunteers
Specialist recruiters : officers were limited to geographical areas
Print media: news paper adverts became more and more important.
Abolition of branding and flogging was done to increase recruitment
Recruitment in WW1
WW1 changed the scale of recruitment. It was clear that the BEF didn’t have the manpower. Each town was asked to provide a ‘pals battalion’. The 11th Battalion East Lancashire Regiment fort at the Somme and over 80% were killed
Conscription 1915-16
Single men were called before married men and so there was a huge upsurge in marriages. The Military Service Act which allowed the calling up of single and then married men in the Second Military Act.
Munitions, miners, teachers and clergymen were excepted . By the end of the war 3 million had been conscripted
How much did Stoppages cut soldiers pay
80%
Where was a good source of reruits ?
Criminals who would of been hanged otherwise or recruiting Sargents would pay men’s fines if they joined and some alcoholics joins for the rum ration
