1 Cells and Tissues - pg 1 to 12

Question 1

Define ‘Anatomy’

Answer 1

Study of structures that form the body.

Question 2

Define ‘Physiology’

Answer 2

How the parts of the body work.

Question 3

Define ‘Pathology’

Answer 3

Study of abnormalities from normal function.

Question 4

Name the ‘Characteristics of Life’

Answer 4

VITAL FORCE/QI
DIFFERENTIATION
GROWTH
METABOLISM
RESPONSIVENESS
MOVEMENT
REPRODUCTION

Metabolism: SUM OF ALL THE CHEMICAL PROCESSES in body

Responsiveness: ability to respond to CHANGES

Growth: INCREASE IN SIZE OR NUMBER

Differentiation: development to SPECIALISED STATE

Question 5

Name the ‘Characteristics of Death

Answer 5

Loss of Heartbeat
Absence of breathing
Loss of brain function
No vital force

Question 6

Define ‘Homeostasis’

Answer 6

Is a fundamental principle of physiology.

The condition of equilibrium in the body’s internal environment.

Maintained by body’s own regulatory process

DYNAMIC AND EVER CHANGING..

Remains within certain narrow limits to ensure optimal functioning of life processes.

Question 7

Name 7 variables of Homeostasis which must be kept within narrow parameters?

Answer 7

Core Temperature (36.5 to 37.5C)

Water and electrolyte concentrations

PH (acidity/alkalinity) of body fluids

Blood glucose levels

Blood and tissue O2 and CO2 levels

Blood pressure

Flow of Life Force

Question 8

Body fluids are either?

Answer 8

Intracellular
Extracellular

Question 9

Give examples of body fluids

Answer 9

Blood plasma
Lymph fluid
Interstitial Fluid
Synovial Fluid

Question 10

Proper function of body cells relies on…?

Answer 10

INTERSTITIAL FLUID COMPOSITION.

Question 11

What factors disturb Homeostatic control?

Answer 11

External/Internal

Question 12

What control Systems are in place to bring Homeostasis in the body?

Answer 12

DISRUPTORS
DETECTORS
CONTROL CENTRE
EFFECTORS

Question 13

Define a DISRUPTOR?

Answer 13

Something which changes the Homeostatic parameter
eg: hot day affecting body temperature.

Question 14

Define a DETECTOR

Answer 14

A receptor that detects disruption.
often a nerve
eg: brain will identify body temp is too high

Question 15

Define the CONTROL CENTRE

Answer 15

Determines limits within which parameters should be maintained.
Evaluates INPUT and generates OUTPUT

eg: brain identifying body temp too high and decides on the appropriate response to lower body temp

Question 16

Define EFFECTORS?

Answer 16

Structures that receive OUTPUT

eg: sweating or dilation of blood vessels near skin allowing water onto skin surface.

Question 17

Define a FEEDBACK SYSTEM’

Answer 17

Group of receptors and effectors communicating with their control centre.

Question 18

Define a NEGATIVE FEEDBACK system

Answer 18

The OUTPUT reverses the INPUT

The EFFECTOR response DECREASES the effect of the original stimulus to maintain Homeostasis.

Question 19

Define a POSITIVE FEEDBACK system

Answer 19

Strengthens change in one of bodys controlled conditions - IT WORKS TO REINFORCE AN AMPLIFIED RESPONSE.

Question 20

Give an example of a negative feedback system

Answer 20

Body temperature
Blood Glucose
Blood Pressure

Question 21

Give an example of a positive feedback system

Answer 21

Childbirth
Milk Production
Immunity
Blood Clotting
Enzyme Reactions