1 - Cells and Tissues - pages 45 to 51 Flashcards
Name the 2 different types of cell reproduction?
Mitosis
Meiosis
By what method do somatic cells reproduce
Mitosis
By what method do gametes (sex cells) reproduce
Meiosis
In Mitosis - what does one division create
2 identical daughter cells
In Mitosis how many chromosomes are duplicated
46
Which cells in the body cannot undergo Mitosis
Neurons
Define Mitosis
somatic cells reproduce via mitosis to create to identical daughter cells to the original mother cell
Define Meiosis
The process through which sex cells (gametes) are formed
What is the process of Meiosis
A gamete produces 4 Haploid cells through 2 divisions
Are the 4 haploid cells produced during Meiosis identical?
No
Give two features of a Gamete cell
Haploid Nucleus
23 Chromosomes
Give 2 features of a somatic cell
Diploid Nucleus
46 Chromosomes
What is the name for a female gamete
Ovum
What is the name for a male gamete
Sperm
What is the name for the fusion of both a male and female gamete
Conception
After conception what type of cell is the Zygote
Diploid
46 chromosomes
After conception what process does the Zygote undergo to develop into an embryo, then foetus (after 8 weeks)
Mitosis
Define a mutation
A change in the genetic information (DNA sequence)
How can mutations occur?
By chance
By mutagenic agents eg smoking, vaccines, radiation
Cells use the DNA code as a template for the synthesis of a protein. Name the 2 phases of protein synthesis.
Transcription
Translation
Define Transcription in cellular protein synthesis
A copy of one gene is made into mRNA
Define Translation in cellular protein synthesis
Ribosome reads the codes and produces a chain of amino acids to form the protein
Name the 2 types of movement that occur in and out of cells.
Passive Transport
Active Transport
Define Passive Transport
The movement of substances from an area of high to low concentration
(ie down the concentration gradient)
Does passive transport require energy
No
Name the 3 types of Passive Transport
Diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated Diffusion
In Facilitated diffusion what aids the movement of substances
Transmembrane Proteins
Define Active Transport
The movement of substances from an area of low to high concentration (up the conc gradient)
Give 3 main examples of Active Transport
Pumps (sodium/potassium pump)
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Give an example of Diffusion
Gases - small molecules moving down the concentration gradient
Give an example of Osmosis
Water - moving down the concentration gradient
Give an example of facilitated diffusion
Glucose - larger molecules moving down the concentration gradient aided by transmembrane proteins.
