1. biological molecules Flashcards
starch
storage in plants
amylose and amylopectin
name the five properties of water
high latent heat of vaporisation
high specific heat capacity
cohesion and adhesion
solvent
metabolite
amylose
type of starch
alpha glucose
1,4 glycosidic
unbranched helix (coiled) chain
amylopectin
type of starch
alpha glucose
1,4 and 1,6 glycosdic bonds
branched
glycogen
polymer
storage in animals and fungi
alpha glucose
highly branched
straight chain
1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds
glycogen advantages
hydrolysed for glucose
used in resp
cellulose
cell walls
beta glucose
1,4 glycosidic bonds
straight chained
many hydrogen bonds between
benefit of water as a metabolite
allows for condensation/hydrolysis/photosynthesis/respiration reactions
benefit of water having high specific heat capacity
buffers change in temperature
benefit of water having high latent heat of vaporisation
cooling effect
benefit of water as solvent
metabolic reactions/transfer of substances
benefit of cohesion/adhesion of water
columns of water
surface tension
molecules in ribosomes
RNA
protein
test for reducing sugars
Benedicts solution
heat in water bath
precipitation = positive
test for non reducing sugars
add HCl
add sodium hydrogencarbonate
normal sugars test
difference between phospholipid and triglycerides
both have ester bonds
both have glycerol
fatty acids could be saturated or unsaturated
both insoluble in water
both contain C, H and O but phospholipids also have P
2x fatty acids + phosphate in phospholipid
hydrophobic tails and hydrophobic heads
phos bilayer
test for proteins
biuret test
tests for peptide bonds
positive = blue -> purple
differences between monosaccharides and polysaccharides
polysaccharides are insoluble but monosaccharides aren’t
semi-conservative replication
DNA helicase breaks H bonds between complementary base pairs
nucleotides attracted to specific complementary pairs
DNA polymers catalyses formation of phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides forming backbone of DNA
