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Microbiology > 1 - Bacterial Ultrastructure and Morphology > Flashcards

1 - Bacterial Ultrastructure and Morphology Flashcards

1
Q

Describe nucleus of prokaryotes

A

nucleoid: primitive without cell membrane

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2
Q

Describe nucleus of eukaryotes

A

true nucleus: DNA is enclosed in nuclear membrane

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3
Q

Distinguishing cell membrane characteristic of prokaryotes

A

No carbohydrates

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4
Q

Do prokaryotes have cytoskeleton?

A

Nope.

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5
Q

Describe DNA of prokaryotes.

A

Single, circular, no histones

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6
Q

Cell division of prokaryotes

A

binary fission

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7
Q

Average diameter of bacteria

A

0.5 to 2.0 um

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8
Q

4 forms of bacteria

A

spiral, rod, vibrio, spherical

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9
Q

Describe spherical bacteria

A

coccus/cocci, may occur singly, in chain or clusters

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10
Q

Describe rod form of bacteria

A

bacillus/bacilli, no cluster arrangement

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11
Q

What is a coccobacilli?

A

A very short form of bacilli that appers like cocci.

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12
Q

Describe vibrio form of bacteria.

A

curved bacteria, single turn with comma shape

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13
Q

Describe spiral bacteria.

A

Has series of turns and twists that may or may not have hook. Can be regular or irregular.

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14
Q

3 components of the general structure of bacteria.

A

cell surface, cytoplasm, cell appendages

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15
Q

This cellular component confers the bacterium’s rigidity and shape and is responsible for its VIABILITY.

A

Cell Wall

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16
Q

Type of cell wall of a bacterium

A

peptidoglycan layer

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17
Q

Other term for peptidoglycan layer

A

murein sacculus (mucopeptide)

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18
Q

An immediate precursor of lysine in bacterial synthesis that is unique in bacterial cell wall

A

diaminopimelic acid

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19
Q

(-) vs (+): Has multilayered cell wall.

A

Gram positive bacteria

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20
Q

(-) vs (+): Has periplasmic space in its cell wall to separate peptidoglycan layer from cytoplasmic membrane

A

Gram negative bacteria

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21
Q

(-) vs (+): Cell wall is almost exclusively peptidoglycan

A

Gram positive bacteria

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22
Q

(-) vs (+): Cell wall commonly produces exotoxins

A

Gram positive bacteria

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23
Q

(-) vs (+): Layer of cell wall that is unique in gram negative bacteria

A

Outer membrane

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24
Q

(-) vs (+): Components of the outer layer of the cell wall of a gram negative bacteria.

A

Lipid A endotoxin, core polysaccharide, O antigen

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25
Responsible for virulence and negative charge of cell surface in gram positive bacteria.
Teichoic acid
26
Teichoic acid is a polymer of?
Ribitol or glycerol phosphate
27
(-) vs (+): Has a more complex cell envelope.
Gram negative bacteria
28
(-) vs (+): Has transmembrane proteins in its cell wall.
Gram negative bacteria.
29
Transmembrane protein in a gram negative bacteria's cell wall that maintains the integrity of the outer membrane.
Integral proteins
30
Transmembrane protein in a gram negative bacteria's cell wall that facilitates entry of small molecular substance.
Porins
31
What do you call the plasma membrane of prokaryotes?
cytoplasmic membrane
32
Thin, ductile, elastic, TRILAMINAR structure that encloses the cytoplasm.
Cytoplasmic membrane
33
Function of the cytoplasmic membrane.
For selective permeability. Acts as a selective barrier.
34
Describe the phospholipid bilayer of a bacteria's cytoplasmic membrane.
Inner hydrophobic, outer hydrophilic
35
The enzymes in the cytoplasmic membrane of a bacteria are for?
ATP production via electron transport chain
36
These are infoldings/invaginations in the cytoplasmic membrane that contain circular or tubular structure attached to DNA chromatin for cell replication/division
Mesosomes
37
Well-defined mucoid polysaccharide structure on the cell wall that protects the wall from desiccation
Capsule or glycocalyx
38
Property of the capsule that prevents the bacteria's ingestion by WBC.
Anti-phagocytic properties
39
If the capsule or glycocalyx is loosely adherent to the cell wall.
Slime layer
40
Other functions of the capsule/glycocalyx aside as protection from desiccation.
source of nutrition, adhesion to environment
41
This contains the prokaryote's genome
Nucleoid
42
In eukaryotes, the outermost nuclear membrane is continuous with the?
endoplasmic reticulum
43
The number of nucleoids (chromosome) in a bacteria depend on...
Growth conditions
44
These are self-replicating DNA molecules independent of chromosomal DNA
Plasmids
45
True or false. Plasmids cannot be inserted into the bacterial genome.
False. Plasmids may be inserted into the bacterial genome and thus can be transferred between bacteria.
46
True or false. Plasmids cannot confer resistance to antibiotics.
False
47
True or false. Plasmids may kill other bacteria.
True. They have antibacterial activity.
48
These are storage for reserve materials/excess food and energy/reservoir of structural building blocks in the cytoplasm
Inclusion bodies/granules
49
An inclusion body that is produced when source of nitrogen, sulfur or phosphorus is limited and there is excess carbon in medium.
Poly-beta-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB)
50
An inclusion body that is produced when carbon is in excess and together with PHB is used as carbon source when protein and nucleic acid synthesis is resumed.
Glycogen
51
Inclusion bodies or granules of phosphate produced when there are large reserves of inorganic phosphate
Volutin or metachromatic or Babes-Ernst granules
52
Why are volutin granules termed monochromatic?
Because they stain red with a blue dye,as in corynebacteria diphtheriae
53
Granules produced by Myobacterium tuberculosis
Much granules
54
A dominant but viable state of bacterium that is formed when triggered by near depletion of nutrients.
Spores
55
This resting cell is highly resistant to desiccation, heat and chemical agents.
Spores
56
What happens to a spore when favorable nutritional conditions are available?
They germinate to produce a single, vegetative cell.
57
Give example of an aerobic and anerobic spore.
Aerobic - bacillus | Anaerobic - clostridium
58
Composed of RNA and protein, factories upon which proteins are made.
Ribosomes
59
Describe ribosomes of bacteria
80s monomers with subunits 50s and 30s
60
The thread-like, rigid flagella appendage that is responsible for locomotion or motility is composed entirely of which protein subunit?
Flagellin
61
Some of the immune responses are directed against these proteins on the flagella.
Highly antigenic/H antigens
62
A single flagella at one end and is polar.
Monotrichous arrangement
63
A tuft of flagella at one end.
Lophotrichuos arrangement
64
Flagella all over the bacteria
Peritrichuous
65
Responsible for the swarming appearance of a flagella in a culture.
Proetus
66
Single polar flagella at both ends.
Amphitrichuos
67
Rigid, hair-like appendages that are shorter and finer than flagella.
Pili or fimbriae
68
The pili or fimbriae is usually found in which type of bacteria.
Gram negative bacteria
69
Pili or fimbriae is composed of which protein subunit?
Pilins
70
These minor proteins are responsible for the attachment of pili.
Adhesins located at the tip of pili
71
True or false. The pili is not antigenically distinct between different bacteria.
False
72
This type of fimbriae plays a role in adherence of symbiotic and pathogenic bacteria to host cells and is evenly distributed over the surface.
Ordinary or common fimbriae
73
This type of fimbriae is responsible for attachment of donor and recipient cells in bacterial conjugation.
Sex pili
74
The transfer of genetic material from once bacterial cell to another.
Bacterial conjugation.

Microbiology (7 decks)

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