1 - Applied Anatomy of the Heart Flashcards
Myocardial Hypertrophy
Increased myocyte size and collagen synthesis
Pressure overload
Hypertension
Aortic stenosis
Volume overload
Valvular regurgitation
Hypervolemia
Cardiac Injury
Molecular factors
Reduction in contractility
Compensatory hypertrophy
Remodelling
New sarcomeres Decreased capillary:myocyte Increased fibrous tissue Synthesis abnormal proteins Loss of myocytes
Concentric hypertrophy
Increased afterload (Aortic stenosis and HT)
Wall thickness increases
Compliance reduced
Ventricular filling compromised
Eccentric Hypertrophy
olume overload
Chamber dilation
Aortic and mitral regurgitation
Elevates O2 demand + Lowers efficacy
Systole
S1 - Aortic and Pulmonary valve open
Mitral and Tricuspid valves close
Diastole
S2 - Aortic and Pulmonary valves close
Mitral and Tricuspid valves open
Murmur
Turblent flow due to stenosis
Regurgitation
Heart valve lets blood leak backwards
Mitral regurgitation
Systolic murmur @ apex
Mitral valve prolapse
Atrial enlargement
Left ventricular hypertrophy
Aortic Stenosis
Systolic murmur - R 2nd IC space Increased afterload Stenoic aortic valve Left ventricular hypertrophy (Concentric) Reduced compliance
Mitral Valve stenosis
Slight diastolic murmur L atrium increases pressure Atrial enlargement Increased atrial pressure Reduced cardiac output Ventricular filling reduced
Aortic regurgitation
Diastolic murmur
Chronic volume overload in L Ventricle
Eccentric hypertrophy
Elevates preload and decreased CO
