[1] Anti-Bacterials Flashcards
[Mechanism of Action]
Penicillin
Beta-lactam antibiotics bind to the active site of Penicillin-Binding Proteins, causing the cessation of the transpeptidation reaction that leads to the halting of peptidoglycan synthesis ultimately causing cell death due to loss of structural integrity
Beta-lactom antibiotics are structural analogs of?
D-Alanyl-D-Alanine
Penicillin is mainly excreted via ?
Kidney Excretion
10% Glomerular Filtration
90% Tubular Secretion
[Spectrum of Activity: G+ Organisms]
Penicillin G
Streptococci Pneumococci Enterococcus Corynebacterium Listeria Oral Anaerobes Clostridium
[Spectrum of Activity: G- Organisms]
Penicillin G
N. meningitides
H. influenzae
(Penicillin G has a poor spectrum of activity for these, though, and is only useful in high doses)
[Spectrum of Activity: G+ Organisms]
Penicillin VK
Streptococci Pneumococci Enterococci Corynebacterium Listeria Oral Anaerobes Clostridium
[Spectrum of Activity: G- Organisms]
Penicillin VK
Poor
[Spectrum of Activity: Other Organisms]
Penicillin VK
Leptospira
[Spectrum of Activity: Other Organisms]
Penicillin G
Treponema pallidum
Leptospira
[Clinical Uses]
Penicillin G
Bacterial Meningitis
Pneumonia
Syphilis
Leptospirosis
Difference of Penicillin G and Penicillin VK regarding Clinical Use
Penicillin VK cannot treat bacterial meningitis since it does not cross the BBB
[Route of Administration]
Penicillin G
Intravascular
Intamuscular
(No oral BA, destroyed by gastric acid)
[Route of Administration]
Penicillin VK
Oral (BA: 60-73%)
[Spectrum of Activity: G+ Organisms]
Oxacillin
Most G+ Cocci
Streptococci
Pneumococci
Staphylococcus aureus
[Spectrum of Activity: G+ Organisms]
Cloxacillin
Most G+ Cocci
[Spectrum of Activity: G- Organisms]
Cloxacillin
Inactive
[Spectrum of Activity: G- Organisms]
Oxacillin
Inactive
Cloxacillin and oxacillin, two penicillase-resistant Penicillins, are inactive against?
G- Bacteria
Anaerobic Bacteria
Enterococci
Fourth generation cephalosporin with activity against P. aeruginosa
Cefepime
Choice of drug for bacterial meningitis
Ceftriaxone
Which third generation cephalosporin has the longest half life?
Ceftriaxome
This cephalosporin has more susceptible to beta-lactamases as compared to other agents
Cefaclor
These are the only two two third generation cephalosporins with activity against P. aeruginosa
Ceftazidime
Cefoperazone
This is usually administered with Amoxicillin to lower the effectiveness of beta lactamases
Clavulanic Acid
The first drug of the Carbapenem class
Imipenem
this Carbapenem has poor activity against P. aeruginosa
Ertapenem
Name this beta-lactamase inhibitor and antibiotic combination that is the preferred treatment for pneumonia caused by P. aeruginosa
Piperacillin + Tazobactam
Specific B-lactamases inhibited by Tazobactam
SHV-1
TEM
Components of Cotrimoxazole
Sulfamethoxazole
Trimethoprim
Fixed-drug combination of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is the drug of choice for?
Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia
Toxoplasmosis
Nocardiosis
Most common adverse effect of Aminoglycosides
Nephrotoxicity
Most serious adverse effect of Aminoglycosides
Ototoxicity
Most ototoxic Aminoglycosides
Neomycin
Kanamycin
Amikacin
Most nephrotoxic Aminoglycosides
Neomycin
Tobramycin
Gentamycin
[Mechanism of Action]
Macrolides
Inhibitor of 50S Ribosome Function
[Mechanism of Action]
Vancomycin
Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to the D-Ala-D-Ala terminus of peptidoglycan pentapeptides
[Spectrum of Activity]
Vancomycin
G+ Bacteria Only
