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[THER 201] 3rd Lecture Exam > [1] Anti-Bacterials > Flashcards

[1] Anti-Bacterials Flashcards

1
Q

[Mechanism of Action]

Penicillin

A

Beta-lactam antibiotics bind to the active site of Penicillin-Binding Proteins, causing the cessation of the transpeptidation reaction that leads to the halting of peptidoglycan synthesis ultimately causing cell death due to loss of structural integrity

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2
Q

Beta-lactom antibiotics are structural analogs of?

A

D-Alanyl-D-Alanine

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3
Q

Penicillin is mainly excreted via ?

A

Kidney Excretion
10% Glomerular Filtration
90% Tubular Secretion

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4
Q

[Spectrum of Activity: G+ Organisms]

Penicillin G

A 
Streptococci
Pneumococci
Enterococcus
Corynebacterium
Listeria
Oral Anaerobes
Clostridium
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5
Q

[Spectrum of Activity: G- Organisms]

Penicillin G

A

N. meningitides
H. influenzae

(Penicillin G has a poor spectrum of activity for these, though, and is only useful in high doses)

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6
Q

[Spectrum of Activity: G+ Organisms]

Penicillin VK

A 
Streptococci
Pneumococci
Enterococci
Corynebacterium
Listeria
Oral Anaerobes
Clostridium
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7
Q

[Spectrum of Activity: G- Organisms]

Penicillin VK

A

Poor

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8
Q

[Spectrum of Activity: Other Organisms]

Penicillin VK

A

Leptospira

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9
Q

[Spectrum of Activity: Other Organisms]

Penicillin G

A

Treponema pallidum

Leptospira

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10
Q

[Clinical Uses]

Penicillin G

A

Bacterial Meningitis
Pneumonia
Syphilis
Leptospirosis

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11
Q

Difference of Penicillin G and Penicillin VK regarding Clinical Use

A

Penicillin VK cannot treat bacterial meningitis since it does not cross the BBB

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12
Q

[Route of Administration]

Penicillin G

A

Intravascular
Intamuscular

(No oral BA, destroyed by gastric acid)

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13
Q

[Route of Administration]

Penicillin VK

A

Oral (BA: 60-73%)

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14
Q

[Spectrum of Activity: G+ Organisms]

Oxacillin

A

Most G+ Cocci

Streptococci
Pneumococci
Staphylococcus aureus

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15
Q

[Spectrum of Activity: G+ Organisms]

Cloxacillin

A

Most G+ Cocci

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16
Q

[Spectrum of Activity: G- Organisms]

Cloxacillin

A

Inactive

17
Q

[Spectrum of Activity: G- Organisms]

Oxacillin

A

Inactive

18
Q

Cloxacillin and oxacillin, two penicillase-resistant Penicillins, are inactive against?

A

G- Bacteria
Anaerobic Bacteria
Enterococci

19
Q

Fourth generation cephalosporin with activity against P. aeruginosa

A

Cefepime

20
Q

Choice of drug for bacterial meningitis

A

Ceftriaxone

21
Q

Which third generation cephalosporin has the longest half life?

A

Ceftriaxome

22
Q

This cephalosporin has more susceptible to beta-lactamases as compared to other agents

A

Cefaclor

23
Q

These are the only two two third generation cephalosporins with activity against P. aeruginosa

A

Ceftazidime

Cefoperazone

24
Q

This is usually administered with Amoxicillin to lower the effectiveness of beta lactamases

A

Clavulanic Acid

25
Q

The first drug of the Carbapenem class

A

Imipenem

26
Q

this Carbapenem has poor activity against P. aeruginosa

A

Ertapenem

27
Q

Name this beta-lactamase inhibitor and antibiotic combination that is the preferred treatment for pneumonia caused by P. aeruginosa

A

Piperacillin + Tazobactam

28
Q

Specific B-lactamases inhibited by Tazobactam

A

SHV-1

TEM

29
Q

Components of Cotrimoxazole

A

Sulfamethoxazole

Trimethoprim

30
Q

Fixed-drug combination of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is the drug of choice for?

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia
Toxoplasmosis
Nocardiosis

31
Q

Most common adverse effect of Aminoglycosides

A

Nephrotoxicity

32
Q

Most serious adverse effect of Aminoglycosides

A

Ototoxicity

33
Q

Most ototoxic Aminoglycosides

A

Neomycin
Kanamycin
Amikacin

34
Q

Most nephrotoxic Aminoglycosides

A

Neomycin
Tobramycin
Gentamycin

35
Q

[Mechanism of Action]

Macrolides

A

Inhibitor of 50S Ribosome Function

36
Q

[Mechanism of Action]

Vancomycin

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to the D-Ala-D-Ala terminus of peptidoglycan pentapeptides

37
Q

[Spectrum of Activity]

Vancomycin

A

G+ Bacteria Only

[THER 201] 3rd Lecture Exam (8 decks)

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