1. ANS Flashcards
Head and neck (including upper esophagus)
T1-5
heart
T1-6
Lungs
T1-7
Upper GI (includes lower esophagus)
T5-10
SI/ascending colon
T9-11
Ascending and transverse colon
T10-L2
Descending and sigmoid colon/rectum
T12-L2
adrenal glands
T5-10
GU tract (+ bladder)
T10-L2
Ureter (upper/lower)
- Upper ureter: T10-11
- Lower ureter: T12-L2
Upper extremeties
T2-7
Lower extremeties
T11-L2
Heart, lungs, esophagus, upper GI, SI, kidneys, ascending and transverse colon, upper ureter
Vagus N (OA,AA)
Colon, rectum, reproductive organs, bladder, pelvis, lower ureter
Pelvic splanchnic N; S2-4 (sacrum)
_____ involuntarily controls body functions and is regulated by what?
ANS
Hypothalamus, limbic system and brainstem
Practically every interneuron that receives input from a visceral nociceptor also receives input from a __________
somatic source
Almost 80% of interneurons that receive input from somatic structures also receive _________
visceral input
There is no evidence for any ______ pathway that transmits ONLY visceral signals from the spinal cord to the brain
ascending
What nerves transmit parasympathetic information?
- From brainstem nuclei
- CN 3, 7, 9, 10
- Intermediate gray matter S2-S4
What nerves transmit sympathetic information?
- Intermediolateralcell column, located in the lateral horn of T1-L2
Sympathetic ganglia
-
Cervical
- superior
- Middle
- Stellate
- Paravertebral (thoracolumbar)
-
Prevertebral
- celiac
- Superior mesenteric
- Inferior mesenteric
What N transmits parasympathetic innervation to Cardiopulm/GI
CN10
What N transmits parasympathetic innervation to colon, rectum, GU
S2-S4
What can sustain local reflex activity independent of CNS
Enteric NS
Sympathetic fibers controls ______ and ______.
Vascular (fascia, smooth m, sweat glands AND trunk and extremities)
Visceral (smooth m, cardiac..)
Parasympathetic fibers do not control what?
Extremeties and vascularature
DO: visceral (same as symp + viscera in head/neck)
SENSITIZATION
Progressive amplification of a response follows repeated administrations of a stimulus.
If the stimulus is terminated, what happens?
neurons return to baseline
Faciltation allows us to to maintain neurons that are in a state of subthreshold excitation by…
sending less afferent stimulation to trigger impulse
Once established, facilitation can be sustained by _______
normal central nervous system (CNS) activity
VISCEROSOMATIC REFLEXES tend to have _________ SD that usually affect ________.
Features (3)
- Non-neutral type 2 SD
- Small rotators
- Increased moisture, temperature, rubbery (poorly defined) end point)
Chapmans reflexes are an example of _________
viscerosomatic reflexes
What is the process where the body responds to stressors, to maintain homeostasis?
Allostasis
Frequent of feedback pathways meant to reestablish normal homeostasis. Chronic exposure to stress => atrophy of the hippocampus => affecting feedback, memory and autonomic function
ALLOSTATIC LOAD
Lymphatic fluid pumps include
- Thoracic inlet
- Thoracic diaphragm
- Pelvic diaphragm
Transition zones (myofascial pathways)
- OA (occipitoatlantal)
- Cervicothoracic
- Thoracolumbar
- Lumbosacral
Lymphatics receive innervation from the _______ NS. SD may be _________.
- Sympathetic
- Disabling a pump
MI can sometimes present as ________.
Upper back pain
-if upper back pain, ask about head, heart and lungs
Do viscerosomatic reflexes respond to OMT?
No
If thoracolumbar junction pain, ask questions about…
GI/GU
Pt has SOB, cough, lower lobe pneumonia. What kind of OMT do you give?
- Rib raising
- make sure you get Rib 1 on the L to open the thoracic inlet
- Subocciptal release
- Dome diaphragm
- Pedal pump
- more walking = less pedal pump
A 14 month old male is brought to the doctor’s office with complaints of fussiness, fever, and runny nose. Physical exam shows vital signs stable, with mildly elevated temp. TM’s bulging and red, posterior pharynx mildly erythematous with posterior nasal drainage noted. Heart regular without murmur, lungs clear in all fields.
Biomechanical?
Neurological?
- Treat SD
- OA/AA
T1-5
Chapmans
Lymphatics
URI OMT
- Thoracic inlet
- Rib raising
- Ear pull (temporal bone)
- Suboccipital release
Pt has death in fam; increasing anxiety and palpittions. Sx worsen to CP.
No SOB, diaphoresis, NV, back pain. HR is irregulat
Behavior?
Neuro?
Respiratory circulatory?
Behavior? no tobacco/caffeine, get sleep
Neuro? T10-L2/OA/AA
Respiratory circulatory? T1-T6
Rib raising affects what what nerve levels?
T1-6
T10-12
