1 - Anatomy of CVS Flashcards
What are the labels of the heart?
- aortic arch
- superior vena cava
- right atrium
- pulmonary valve
- tricuspid valve
- right ventricle
- inferior vena cava
- pulmonary arteries
- pulmonary trunk
- pulmonary veins
- left atrium
- aortic valve
- mitral valve (bicuspid)
- chordae tendinae
- papillary muscle
- left ventricle
- interventricular septum
- apex
What are the different heart layers and their features?
- endocardium: one cell thick layer - interface between heart and blood
- myocardium: thick layer of cardiac muscle
- pericardium: protective fibroserous sac enclosing heart
What is the pericardium comprised of?
- epicardium (visceral layer): serous tissue between myocardium and pericardial space
- pericardial space: between visceral and parietal layers, filled with small amount of fluid
- parietal layer: serous tissue between pericardial space and fibrous layer
- fibrous layer: connective tissue protecting heart and holding it in place
What is the function of the serous double membrane in the pericardium?
- secretes serous fluid
- provides lubrication between heart and fibrous membrane
What are the two pericardial sinuses?
- oblique sinus: reflection of serous pericardium onto pulmonary veins
- transverse sinus: reflection of serous pericardium separating arteries and veins (superior to left atrium)
What are the 4 different heart valves and their cusps?
- tricuspid: anterior, septal and posterior cusps
- pulmonary: anterior, left and right cusps
- mitral: anterior and posterior cusps
- aortic: left, right and posterior cusps
What are the two main branches of the coronary arteries and where do they originate from?
- right coronary artery: right ventricle, just above right cusp of aortic valve
- left coronary artery: septum/left ventricle, just above left cusp of aortic valve
What are the labels of the coronary arteries?
- right coronary artery
- right posterior descending artery
- right marginal artery
- left coronary artery
- left circumflex artery
- left marginal artery
- left anterior descending artery
What stops blood flowing backwards into the ventricles after contraction?
sinuses of cusps (3 cusps) fill with blood and force valve closed to stop blood flowing backwards
What are the labels of the coronary veins?
- anterior veins
- small cardiac vein
- right marginal vein
- middle cardiac vein
- anterior interventricular vein
- great cardiac vein
What are the labels of the arterial network?
- brachiocephalic trunk
- hepatic artery
- renal artery
- superior mesenteric artery
- internal iliac artery
- external iliac artery
- common iliac artery
- inferior mesenteric artery
- splenic artery
- coeliac trunk artery
- abdominal aorta
- thoracic aorta
- ascending aorta
- subclavian artery
- aortic arch
- common carotid artery
- internal carotid artery
- external carotid artery
What are the labels of the venous network?
- external jugular vein
- subclavian vein
- superior vena cava
- iliac vein (arrow no label)
- renal vein
- hepatic veins
- inferior vena cava
- cephalic vein
- internal jugular vein
What are the functions of the pericardium?
- defines borders of middle mediastinum
- fibrous layer prevents heart overfilling and sudden dilation (doesn’t stretch)
- pericardial fluid allows 2 serous layers to move against eachother without friction (also shock absorber)
- barrier to infection
- keeps heart stable and within thoracic cavity by ligaments
What is a cardiac tamponade and how is it treated?
- pericardial cavity fills with excess fluid (normally blood)
- fluid compresses heart and restricts its beating
- pericardiocentesis: large needle used to remove fluid, enters left of xiphersternum and aimed towards left shoulder
What are the 3 coronary sulcus and which features of the heart do they separate?
- coronary sulcus: circles heart and separates atrium and ventricles
- anterio interventricular sulcus: separates ventricles anteriorly
- posterior interventricular sulcus: separates ventricles posteriorly
