(1) Anatomy & clinical exam L-spine Flashcards
1
Q
What is the function of the spine?
A
- protect sc
- structural support
- upright posture
- sensory and proprioception
- haematopoiesis
2
Q
What is the role of the intervertebral disc?
A
- motion b/t vertebral bodies
- absorbs/transmits load
- largely avascular
3
Q
What are the three main parts of the IV disc?
A
- NP
- AF
- VE
4
Q
What is the NP?
A
- gel-like structure that moves
- if AF tears, can leak (sciatica)
- nuclear migration
- compressively loads
5
Q
What is the AF?
A
- peripheral & fibrosis
- strong but capable of bulging
- concentric layers
- limited vascular supply
6
Q
What is the VE?
A
- interface b/t vertebral body and disc
- bilayer fibrocartilage & bone
- distributes intradiscal pressures onto adjacent vertebrae
- permeable
7
Q
What is the Cauda Equina?
A
- network of nerve roots and tracts
- after sc terminates @ L1/2
- bundle of paired spinal nerves
- innervates pelvic organs and LL
8
Q
What is the Lumbar-sacral plexus?
A
network supplying the skin and musculature of the lower limb
9
Q
Where is the lumbar plexus?
A
T12 to L4
10
Q
Where is the sacral plexus?
A
L5 to S4
11
Q
What are the anatomical planes of motion of the L-Spine?
A
- Coronal (frontal)
- Sagittal (L + R)
- Axial (upper & lower)
12
Q
What are the normative ranges for lumbar flexion & extension?
A
- flexion 50 degrees
- extension 15 degrees
13
Q
What are the normative values for lumbar lateral flexion & rotation?
A
- lateral flexion 20 degrees
- rotation 5 degrees
14
Q
What are the 4 steps of the clinical exam of the lumbar spine?
A
- observation
- AROM
- Neuro exam
- Segmental palpation
15
Q
What is looked for during observation?
A
- Antalgic
- Asymmetry
- Deformities
- Muscle bulk
- Standing posture
