1- Anatomy Flashcards
How many bones are in the foot?
26 (not including the sesamoids)
How many joints are in the foot?
35
Where is the os vesalinium found?
proximal 5th met base
where is os tibiale externum found?
accessory navicular
where is os intermetatarsium found?
btwn medial cuneiform and bases of 1st and 2nd mets
where is os supranaviculare found?
dorsal aspect of navicular
where is os peroneum found?
sesamoid bone in PB tendon at cuboid
what attaches periosteum to bone?
sharpey’s fibers
what are the different types of coalitions?
synostosis- osseous
synochondrosis- cartilaginous
syndesmosis- fibrous
Name the AVN of navicular.
Kohler’s disease
*you navigate thru Kohl’s
Name the AVN of the talus.
Diaz
Name the AVN of the cuneiforms.
Buschke
What is blount’s disease?
AVN of the proximal, medial tibial epiphysis
What is the difference between a coalition and a bar?
coalition (bridge)- is an intra-articular fusion of two bones that normally articulate
bar- extra-articular fusion of bones that do NOT normally articulate
what is teh most common coalition in the foot?
distal and middle phalanx of 5th digit
what is the most common coalition in the rearfoot?
talocalcaneal (middle facet)
what is a Steida process?
enlarged os trigonum
what is the only bone in the foot without any muscle origin or tendon insertion?
talus
what deformity will result from cutting teh QP?
adductovarus deformity of digits 4 and 5
what is the O/I of extensor hallucis capsularis?
O- EHL muscle/tendon
I-1st MPJ capsule
what are teh plantar muscle layers of the foot from superficial to deep?
- ABH, FDB, ABDM
- QP, lumbricals; FDL tendon
- FHB, ADH, FDMB
- plantar interossei, dorsal interossei
what angle do teh ATFL and CFL create?
105 deg
what tendons pass over the lateral ankle ligaments?
PB and PL
what is teh Master Knot of Henry?
fibrous connection btwn the FHL and FDL tendons
Are the sesamoids intra-capsular or extra-capsular?
intra-capsular
what is teh Lisfranc ligament?
attaches lateral aspect of medial cuneiform to medial base of 2nd met
what structures in the Lisfranc joint are NOT connected by ligaments?
1st and 2nd mets
what is the spring ligament aka?
plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
what ligaments compose the bifurcate ligament/
dorsal calcaneonavicular
calcaneocuboid ligamenets
whcih is stronger? the lateral ankle ligaments or the deltoid ligament?
deltoid ligament
what are the components of teh deltoid ligament?
tibionavicular
tibiocalcaneal,
posterior tibiotalar
anterior tibiotalar
what tendons pass over the deltoid ligament?
tibialis posterior and FDL
what are the lateral ankle ligaments?
calcaneofibular
anterior talofibular
posterior talofibular
which ankle ligaments are extra-capsular? which are intra-capsular?
calcaneofibular ligament is extra-capsular; all others are capsular
What ligaments support the ankle syndesmosis?
AITFL
PITFL
interosseous tib-fib lig
What is the Bassett ligament?
AITFL
what is anotehr name for the flexor retinaculum?
laciniate ligament
what is anotehr name for the superior extensor retinaculum?
cruciate crural ligament
where does teh plantaris insert?
medial to the Achilles tendon in the calcaneus
what is teh incidence of peroneus quartus?
7%
what is the Hoke tonsil?
fibrous fatty plug within the sinus tarsi
what inserts at the pes anserinus?
semitendinosus
gracilis
sartorius
what is a bakers cyst?
swelling of the bursa between the tendons fo the medial head of the gastroc and the semi-membranosus muscles
what is a fabella?
sesamoid bone found in tendon of lateral head of gastroc
does a neuroma lie dorsal or plantar to the deep transverse intermetatarsal ligament (from a drosal approach)?
plantar
where do interossei and lumbricals lie in relationship to the deep transverse intermetatarsa ligament?
interossei- dorsal
lumbricals-plantar
what nerves form the sural nerve?
medial sural cutaneous nerve (branch of tibial n.)
sural communicating branch (br. of lateral sural cut. n.)
what layers of the foot do the plantar nerves run?
medial plantar n. - in the 1st layer (btwn FDB and ABH)
lateral plantar n.- btwn the 1st and 2nd
what are the sources of blood supply to tendons?
myotendinous junction
paratenon
and at insertion to bone
what are teh 3 sources of blood supply to the talus?
(essentially the 3 major blood supplies to the foot)
superior surface of head& neck- artery of sinus tarsi and branch from anterior tibial a. or dorsalis pedis
medial side of body- artery of tarsal canal and posterior tibial a.
lateral tubercle- anastomosis of branch of peroneal a. with medial calcaneal branch
