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Crozer Keystone Residency Manual > 1- Anatomy > Flashcards

1- Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones are in the foot?

A

26 (not including the sesamoids)

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2
Q

How many joints are in the foot?

A

35

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3
Q

Where is the os vesalinium found?

A

proximal 5th met base

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4
Q

where is os tibiale externum found?

A

accessory navicular

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5
Q

where is os intermetatarsium found?

A

btwn medial cuneiform and bases of 1st and 2nd mets

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6
Q

where is os supranaviculare found?

A

dorsal aspect of navicular

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7
Q

where is os peroneum found?

A

sesamoid bone in PB tendon at cuboid

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8
Q

what attaches periosteum to bone?

A

sharpey’s fibers

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9
Q

what are the different types of coalitions?

A

synostosis- osseous
synochondrosis- cartilaginous
syndesmosis- fibrous

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10
Q

Name the AVN of navicular.

A

Kohler’s disease

*you navigate thru Kohl’s

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11
Q

Name the AVN of the talus.

A

Diaz

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12
Q

Name the AVN of the cuneiforms.

A

Buschke

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13
Q

What is blount’s disease?

A

AVN of the proximal, medial tibial epiphysis

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14
Q

What is the difference between a coalition and a bar?

A

coalition (bridge)- is an intra-articular fusion of two bones that normally articulate

bar- extra-articular fusion of bones that do NOT normally articulate

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15
Q

what is teh most common coalition in the foot?

A

distal and middle phalanx of 5th digit

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16
Q

what is the most common coalition in the rearfoot?

A

talocalcaneal (middle facet)

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17
Q

what is a Steida process?

A

enlarged os trigonum

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18
Q

what is the only bone in the foot without any muscle origin or tendon insertion?

A

talus

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19
Q

what deformity will result from cutting teh QP?

A

adductovarus deformity of digits 4 and 5

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20
Q

what is the O/I of extensor hallucis capsularis?

A

O- EHL muscle/tendon

I-1st MPJ capsule

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21
Q

what are teh plantar muscle layers of the foot from superficial to deep?

A
  1. ABH, FDB, ABDM
  2. QP, lumbricals; FDL tendon
  3. FHB, ADH, FDMB
  4. plantar interossei, dorsal interossei
22
Q

what angle do teh ATFL and CFL create?

A

105 deg

23
Q

what tendons pass over the lateral ankle ligaments?

A

PB and PL

24
Q

what is teh Master Knot of Henry?

A

fibrous connection btwn the FHL and FDL tendons

25
Q

Are the sesamoids intra-capsular or extra-capsular?

A

intra-capsular

26
Q

what is teh Lisfranc ligament?

A

attaches lateral aspect of medial cuneiform to medial base of 2nd met

27
Q

what structures in the Lisfranc joint are NOT connected by ligaments?

A

1st and 2nd mets

28
Q

what is the spring ligament aka?

A

plantar calcaneonavicular ligament

29
Q

what ligaments compose the bifurcate ligament/

A

dorsal calcaneonavicular

calcaneocuboid ligamenets

30
Q

whcih is stronger? the lateral ankle ligaments or the deltoid ligament?

A

deltoid ligament

31
Q

what are the components of teh deltoid ligament?

A

tibionavicular
tibiocalcaneal,
posterior tibiotalar
anterior tibiotalar

32
Q

what tendons pass over the deltoid ligament?

A

tibialis posterior and FDL

33
Q

what are the lateral ankle ligaments?

A

calcaneofibular
anterior talofibular
posterior talofibular

34
Q

which ankle ligaments are extra-capsular? which are intra-capsular?

A

calcaneofibular ligament is extra-capsular; all others are capsular

35
Q

What ligaments support the ankle syndesmosis?

A

AITFL
PITFL
interosseous tib-fib lig

36
Q

What is the Bassett ligament?

A

AITFL

37
Q

what is anotehr name for the flexor retinaculum?

A

laciniate ligament

38
Q

what is anotehr name for the superior extensor retinaculum?

A

cruciate crural ligament

39
Q

where does teh plantaris insert?

A

medial to the Achilles tendon in the calcaneus

40
Q

what is teh incidence of peroneus quartus?

A

7%

41
Q

what is the Hoke tonsil?

A

fibrous fatty plug within the sinus tarsi

42
Q

what inserts at the pes anserinus?

A

semitendinosus
gracilis
sartorius

43
Q

what is a bakers cyst?

A

swelling of the bursa between the tendons fo the medial head of the gastroc and the semi-membranosus muscles

44
Q

what is a fabella?

A

sesamoid bone found in tendon of lateral head of gastroc

45
Q

does a neuroma lie dorsal or plantar to the deep transverse intermetatarsal ligament (from a drosal approach)?

A

plantar

46
Q

where do interossei and lumbricals lie in relationship to the deep transverse intermetatarsa ligament?

A

interossei- dorsal

lumbricals-plantar

47
Q

what nerves form the sural nerve?

A

medial sural cutaneous nerve (branch of tibial n.)

sural communicating branch (br. of lateral sural cut. n.)

48
Q

what layers of the foot do the plantar nerves run?

A

medial plantar n. - in the 1st layer (btwn FDB and ABH)

lateral plantar n.- btwn the 1st and 2nd

49
Q

what are the sources of blood supply to tendons?

A

myotendinous junction
paratenon
and at insertion to bone

50
Q

what are teh 3 sources of blood supply to the talus?

A

(essentially the 3 major blood supplies to the foot)
superior surface of head& neck- artery of sinus tarsi and branch from anterior tibial a. or dorsalis pedis
medial side of body- artery of tarsal canal and posterior tibial a.
lateral tubercle- anastomosis of branch of peroneal a. with medial calcaneal branch

Crozer Keystone Residency Manual (8 decks)

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