1. Analysis of Biomolecules Flashcards
Topic - Introduction
- Def Biomolecules
______ are chemical compounds (including organic and inorganic compounds) found in living organisms.
Biomolecules
Topic - Analysis of Inorganic compounds of Living Organisms (Destructive method)
@ Dry _
@ Gaseous form
@ Ash contains _
@ Comparison of elements
First, weigh a living tissue and dry it to evaporate water.
T/F
True
Second, the dried part is burnt to oxidize all carbon compounds to ______ form and are removed.
The remaining is called ______.
Gaseous form (CO2 & Water Vapor);
Ash
Analysis of Ash indicates -
I. Inorganic elements (Ca, Mg, Na, K, etc.)
II. Inorganic compounds (SO4 2-, PO4 2-, NaCl, CaCO3, etc.)
*Comparison:
Elements|Earth’s crust (Non-living)|Human Body (Living Matter)
Carbon (C) | 0.03 | 18.5
Oxygen (O) | 46.6 | 65.0
Nitrogen (N) | Very little | 3.3
Silicon (Si) | 27.7 | Negligible
Topic - Chemical Analysis
@ Grind with _
@ Slurry
@ Filterate contains _
@ Retentate contains _
@ Molecular weight _
Grind a living tissue like a vegetable, piece of liver, etc. in ______ acid to get thick ______.
Trichloroacetic acid (Cl3CCOOH);
Slurry
Strain slurry through a cheesecloth or cotton cloth to get two fractions such as:
I. Filtrate (Acid-soluble pool)
II. Retentate (acid-insoluble fraction)
Topic: Acid-soluble pool
Represents _
@ Represents _ composition
@ Molecular weight
@ Contains _
The acid-soluble pool contains Monomeric forms of Biomolecules like:
Micro-molecules (Low Molecular weight from 18 to 800 Da)
Acid-soluble Pool includes:
I. Amino acids
II. Sugars (Monosacchrides)
III. Nitrogen bases
IV. Pentose sugar
V. Phosphate group
VI. Ions
The acid-soluble pool represents the cytoplasmic composition.
T/F
True
Topic - Acid insoluble pool
@ Contains Biomarco _
@ Includes macro from _ & _
@ Lipds come under which pool? Why?
@ Cell membranes are broken
@ Avg. Composition of cell
Acid-insoluble pools contain a polymeric form of Biomolecules:
Macromolecules (High Molecular weight > 10,000 Da)
Acid insoluble pools contain:
I. Proteins
II. Carbohydrates (Polysaccharides)
III. Nucleic acids
An acid-insoluble fraction represents cytoplasmic + cell organelle composition.
T/F
True
A lipid is not strictly a macromolecule as:
Its molecular weight does not exceed 800 Da
Lipid comes under acid-insoluble fraction:
Because many lipids form vesicles & arranged into structures like cell membranes
When tissue is grinded, cell membranes (made of Lipids) are broken and form water-insoluble vesicles. They cannot be filtered along an acid-soluble fraction.
T/F
True
The average composition of cells:
a. Water -
b. Protein -
c. Carbohydrates -
d. Lipids -
e. Nucleic acids -
f. Ions -
a. Water 70-90%
b. Protein 10-15%
c. Carbohydrates 3%
d. Lipids 2%
e. Nucleic acids 5-7%
f. Ions 1%
