1. alcohols

Question 1

general formula

Answer 1

Cn H2n+1 OH

Question 2

primary alcohol

Answer 2

OH attached to C with 1 alkyl group

Question 3

secondary alcohol

Answer 3

OH attached to C with 2 alkyl group

Question 4

tertiary alcohol

Answer 4

OH attached to C with 3 alkyl groups

Question 5

why are alcohols polar molecules

Answer 5

electronegative hydroxyl group pulls electrons in C-OH bond away from C atom

Question 6

how does electronegative Oxygen in polar hydroxyl group allow alcohol to make H bonds

Answer 6

draws electron density away from H giving it a slight +ve charge
+ve charge can attract lone pairs on an O from a neighbouring molecule forming H bonds

Question 7

properties

small alcohols are soluble in water

Answer 7

mix alcohol and water

H bonds form between -OH and H2O

Question 8

properties

as alcohols increase in size solubility in water decreases

Answer 8

large alcohol = most of molecule non polar

less attraction for polar H2O molecules

Question 9

properties

relativley high bpt

Answer 9

alcohols form H bonds with eachother
H bond strongest intermolecular force
relatively low volatility vs non polar compounds

Question 10

reactions of alcohols

Answer 10

substitution (haloalkane)

dehydration (alkene)

Question 11

substitution 
alcohol -> haloalkane
1. reagent 
2. equation 
2. conditions

Answer 11

1. alcohols react with compounds containing halide ions e.g. NaBr
2. C(CH3)3OH + NaBr -> C(CH3)2Br + NaOH
3. acid catalyst e.g. H2SO4

Question 12

dehydration 
alcohol-> alkene
1. what type of reaction 
2. conditions 
3. equation

Answer 12

1. elimination (dehydration because H2O is removed)
2. acid catalyst. H2SO4 or H3PO4. heat
3. C2H5OH -> CH2=CH2 + H2O