7. organic synthesis - practical skills

Question 1

how to remove any water soluble impurities from insoluble product

Answer 1

seperation

1. add mixture into separating funnel and add water
2. shake funnel and allow to settle. less dense organic layer floats to top. aqueous layer stays at bottom
3. open stopper on separating funnel and allow aqueous layer to run out

Question 2

1. problem with separation

2. how to overcome this

Answer 2

1. organic layer will contain trace amounts of water. has to be dried.
2. add anhydrous salt e.g. MgSO4 OR CaCl2 (binds to any water present to become hydrated
   filter mixture to remove solid drying agent