1/8/20(se,5lb,86-111)

Question 1

exculpate

Answer 1

VERB
(transitive)
to free from blame or guilt; vindicate or exonerate

Question 2

inter

Answer 2

VERB
When a dead person is interred, they are buried.
[formal]
…the spot where his bones were originally interred. [be VERB-ed]
[Also VERB noun]
Synonyms: bury, lay to rest, entomb, sepulchre

Question 3

manumit

Answer 3

VERB
Word forms: -mits, -mitting or -mitted
(transitive)
to free from slavery, servitude, etc; emancipate

Question 4

aggrieved by

Answer 4

ADJECTIVE
If you feel aggrieved, you feel upset and angry because of the way in which you have been treated.
I really feel aggrieved at this sort of thing. [+ at]
Synonyms: hurt, wronged, injured, harmed

Question 5

retain

Answer 5

1. VERB
   To retain something means to continue to have that thing.
   [formal]
   The interior of the shop still retains a nineteenth-century atmosphere. [VERB noun]
   He retains a deep respect for the profession. [VERB noun]
   Other countries retained their traditional and habitual ways of doing things. [VERB noun]
   If left covered in a warm place, this rice will retain its heat for a good hour. [VERB noun]
   Synonyms: maintain, keep, reserve, preserve More Synonyms of retain
2. VERB
   If you retain a lawyer, you pay him or her a fee to make sure that he or she will represent you when your case comes before the court.
   [law]
   He decided to retain him for the trial.

Question 6

tribulation

Answer 6

VARIABLE NOUN
You can refer to the suffering or difficulty that you experience in a particular situation as tribulations.
[formal]
…the trials and tribulations of everyday life. [+ of]
Synonyms: trouble, care, suffering, worry

Question 7

equanimity

Answer 7

UNCOUNTABLE NOUN [oft with NOUN]
Equanimity is a calm state of mind and attitude to life, so that you never lose your temper or become upset.
[formal]
His sense of humour allowed him to face adversaries with equanimity.
The defeat was taken with equanimity by the leadership.
Synonyms: composure, peace, calm, poise

Question 8

sangfroid

Answer 8

UNCOUNTABLE NOUN
A person’s sang-froid is their ability to remain calm in a dangerous or difficult situation.
[formal]
He behaves throughout with a certain sang-froid.
Synonyms: composure, poise, coolness, aplomb

Question 9

incipient

Answer 9

ADJECTIVE [ADJECTIVE noun]
An incipient situation or quality is one that is starting to happen or develop.
[formal]
…an incipient economic recovery.
There were signs of incipient panic.
Synonyms: beginning, starting, developing, originating

Question 10

nascent

Answer 10

ADJECTIVE [ADJECTIVE noun]
Nascent things or processes are just beginning, and are expected to become stronger or to grow bigger.
[formal]
…Kenya’s nascent democracy.
…the still nascent science of psychology.
Synonyms: developing, beginning, dawning, evolving

Question 11

nebulous

Answer 11

ADJECTIVE
If you describe something as nebulous, you mean that it is vague and not clearly defined or not easy to describe.
The notions we children were able to form of the great world beyond were exceedingly nebulous.
Music is such a nebulous thing.

Question 12

immaterial

Answer 12

অশরীরী,গুরুত্বপূর্ণ নহে

Question 13

sabotage

Answer 13

1. VERB [usually passive]
   If a machine, railway line, or bridge is sabotaged, it is deliberately damaged or destroyed, for example in a war or as a protest.
   The main pipeline supplying water was sabotaged by rebels. [be VERB-ed]
   Synonyms: damage, destroy, wreck, undermine More Synonyms of sabotage
   Sabotage is also a noun.
   The bombing was a spectacular act of sabotage.
2. VERB
   If someone sabotages a plan or a meeting, they deliberately prevent it from being successful.
   He accused the opposition of trying to sabotage the election. [VERB noun]
   The explosion was designed to sabotage the negotiations.

Question 14

buttressed

Answer 14

. COUNTABLE NOUN
Buttresses are supports, usually made of stone or brick, that support a wall.
Synonyms: support, shore, prop, brace More Synonyms of buttress
2. VERB
To buttress an argument, system, or person means to give them support and strength.
[written]
…buttressing his study with impressive wads of statistics. [VERB noun with noun]
The president’s tough line is, however, buttressed by a democratic mandate. [VERB noun]
Synonyms: support, sustain, strengthen, shore

Question 15

rabble

Answer 15

1. SINGULAR NOUN
   A rabble is a crowd of noisy people who seem likely to cause trouble.
   He seems to attract a rabble of supporters more loyal to the man than to the cause. [+ of]
2. SINGULAR NOUN [the NOUN]
   People sometimes refer to ordinary people in general as the rabble to suggest that they are superior to them.
   [disapproval]
   In 40 years, the Guards’ Polo Club has changed, but it has managed to keep most of the rabble out.

Question 16

klutzy

Answer 16

clumsy or stupid

Question 17

witty

Answer 17

ADJECTIVE
Someone or something that is witty is amusing in a clever way.
His plays were very good, very witty.
He is a very witty speaker.
Synonyms: humorous, original, brilliant, funny

Question 18

underpins

Answer 18

VERB
If one thing underpins another, it helps the other thing to continue or succeed by supporting and strengthening it.
…mystical themes that underpin all religions. [VERB noun]
…the beliefs underpinning contemporary art. [VERB noun]
…a style of life extensively underpinned by public money. [VERB noun]
underpinning
Word forms: plural underpinnings
VARIABLE NOUN
…the economic underpinning of ancient Mexican society. [+ of]
Many questioned the moral underpinnings of our financial dealings with each other. [+ of]
Synonyms: support, base, foundation, footing

Question 19

undergirds

Answer 19

VERB
Word forms: -girds, -girding, -girded or -girt
(transitive)
to strengthen or reinforce by passing a rope, cable, or chain around the underside of (an object, load, etc)

Question 20

irradiate

Answer 20

1. VERB
   If someone or something is irradiated, they are exposed to a large amount of radioactivity.
   [technical]
   Leukaemia in children was more common if the fathers had been heavily irradiated. [be VERB-ed]
   When tumours are treated, a significant amount of healthy tissue is inevitably irradiated. [VERB noun]
   irradiation (ɪreɪdieɪʃən ) UNCOUNTABLE NOUN
   …the harmful effects of irradiation and pollution.
2. VERB [usually passive]
   If food is irradiated, it is treated with radiation to kill bacteria and make it last longer.
   [technical]
   It’s safe to eat foods that have been irradiated to prolong their shelf life. [be VERB-ed]
   …the risks and benefits of irradiated food. [VERB-ed]
   irradiation UNCOUNTABLE NOUN [oft noun NOUN]
   …doubts about the safety of food irradiation.

Question 21

underserve

Answer 21

ADJECTIVE

having inadequate service

Question 22

thwarted

Answer 22

VERB
If you thwart someone or thwart their plans, you prevent them from doing or getting what they want.
The accounting firm deliberately destroyed documents to thwart government investigators. [VERB noun]
Her ambition to become an artist was thwarted by failing eyesight. [VERB noun]
Synonyms: frustrate, stop, foil, check

Question 23

tormented

Answer 23

1. UNCOUNTABLE NOUN
   Torment is extreme suffering, usually mental suffering.
   The torment of having her baby kidnapped is written all over her face. [+ of]
   He spent days in torment while the police searched for his stolen car.
   Synonyms: suffering, distress, misery, pain More Synonyms of torment
2. COUNTABLE NOUN
   A torment is something that causes extreme suffering, usually mental suffering.
   Sooner or later most writers end up making books about the torments of being a writer. [+ of]
   Outdoors, mosquitoes and midges were a perpetual torment.
   Synonyms: trouble, worry, bother, plague [informal] More Synonyms of torment
3. VERB
   If something torments you, it causes you extreme mental suffering.
   At times the memories returned to torment her. [VERB noun]
   He had lain awake all night, tormented by jealousy. [VERB-ed]
   Synonyms: torture, pain, distress, afflict More Synonyms of torment
4. VERB
   If you torment a person or animal, you annoy them in a playful, rather cruel way for your own amusement.
   My older brother and sister used to torment me by singing it to me. [VERB noun]
   Synonyms: tease, annoy, worry, trouble

Question 24

walloped

Answer 24

VERB
If you wallop someone or something, you hit them very hard, often causing a dull sound.
[informal]
Once, she walloped me over the head with a frying pan. [VERB noun preposition]
…a tennis player who wallops the ball so hard that it often finishes out of court. [VERB noun]
Synonyms: hit, beat, strike, knock More Synonyms of wallop
Wallop is also a noun.
With one brutal wallop, Clarke flattened him.

Question 25

exacerbating

Answer 25

VERB
If something exacerbates a problem or bad situation, it makes it worse.
[formal]
Longstanding poverty has been exacerbated by racial divisions. [be VERB-ed]
Synonyms: irritate, excite, provoke, infuriate

Question 26

palliating

Answer 26

VERB (transitive)

1. to lessen the severity of (pain, disease, etc) without curing or removing; alleviate; mitigate
2. to cause (an offence) to seem less serious by concealing evidence; extenuate

Question 27

compounding

Answer 27

NOUN
1. banking
the addition of interest on interest already earned or charged
2. the combining of elements or substances to make something, esp a drug

Question 28

melancholy

Answer 28

1. ADJECTIVE
   You describe something that you see or hear as melancholy when it gives you an intense feeling of sadness.
   …a painter of haunting melancholy canvases.
   The only sounds were the distant, melancholy cries of the sheep.
   The songs start soft and melancholy.
2. UNCOUNTABLE NOUN
   Melancholy is an intense feeling of sadness which lasts for a long time and which strongly affects your behaviour and attitudes.
   [literary]
   I was deeply aware of his melancholy as he stood among the mourners.
   The general watched the process with an air of melancholy.
   Synonyms: sadness, depression, misery, gloom More Synonyms of melancholy
3. ADJECTIVE
   If someone feels or looks melancholy, they feel or look very sad.
   [literary]
   It was in these hours of the late afternoon that Tom Mulligan felt most melancholy.
   He fixed me with those luminous, empty eyes and his melancholy smile.
   Synonyms: sad, down, depressed, unhappy

Question 29

curt

Answer 29

ADJECTIVE
If you describe someone as curt, you mean that they speak or reply in a brief and rather rude way.
Her tone of voice was curt.
‘The matter is closed,’ was the curt reply.
Synonyms: terse, short, brief, sharp More Synonyms of curt
curtly ADVERB [ADVERB with verb]
‘I’m leaving,’ she said curtly

Question 30

luridness

Answer 30

1. ADJECTIVE [usually ADJECTIVE noun]
   If you say that something is lurid, you are critical of it because it involves a lot of violence, sex, or shocking detail.
   [disapproval]
   …lurid accounts of Claire’s sexual exploits.
   Some reports have contained lurid accounts of deaths and mutilations.
   Synonyms: sensational, shocking, disgusting, graphic More Synonyms of lurid
   luridly ADVERB [ADVERB with verb]
   His cousin was soon cursing luridly.
2. ADJECTIVE [usually ADJECTIVE noun]
   If you describe something as lurid, you do not like it because it is very brightly coloured.
   [disapproval]
   She took care to paint her toe nails a lurid red or orange.
   Synonyms: glaring, bright, bloody, intense More Synonyms of lurid
   luridly ADVERB [usually ADVERB adjective/-ed]
   It had a high ceiling and a luridly coloured square of carpet on the floor.

Question 31

sagacity

Answer 31

UNCOUNTABLE NOUN
Sagacity is the quality of being sagacious.
[formal]
…a man of great sagacity and immense experience.
Synonyms: wisdom, shrewdness, understanding, sense

Question 32

prowess

Answer 32

UNCOUNTABLE NOUN
Someone’s prowess is their great skill at doing something.
[formal]
He’s always bragging about his prowess as a cricketer.
The best and the brightest pupils competed to demonstrate their intellectual prowess.
Synonyms: skill, ability, talent, expertise

Question 33

limpidity

Answer 33

1. ADJECTIVE
   If you say that something is limpid, you mean that it is very clear and transparent.
   [literary]
   …limpid blue eyes.
   …limpid rock-pools.
   Synonyms: clear, bright, pure, transparent More Synonyms of limpid
2. ADJECTIVE
   If you describe speech, writing, or music as limpid, you like it because it is clear, simple and flowing.
   [literary, approval]
   He thought the speech a model of its kind, limpid and unaffected.
   Synonyms: understandable, clear, lucid, unambiguous

Question 34

deterred

Answer 34

VERB
To deter someone from doing something means to make them not want to do it or continue doing it.
Supporters of the death penalty argue that it would deter criminals from carrying guns. [VERB noun + from]
Arrests and jail sentences have done nothing to deter the protesters. [VERB noun]
Jeremy was not deterred by this criticism. [VERB noun]
Synonyms: discourage, inhibit, put off, frighten

Question 35

implicated

Answer 35

1. ADJECTIVE [verb-link ADJECTIVE]
   If someone or something is implicated in a crime or a bad situation, they are involved in it or responsible for it.
   The President was implicated in the cover-up and forced to resign. [+ in]
   It is thought that this virus is implicated in the development of a number of illnesses.
   Synonyms: involved, suspected, incriminated, under suspicion

Question 36

spree

Answer 36

COUNTABLE NOUN [usually noun NOUN]
If you spend a period of time doing something in an excessive way, you can say that you are going on a particular kind of spree.
Some Americans went on a spending spree in December to beat the new tax.

Question 37

monological

Answer 37

1. COUNTABLE NOUN
   If you refer to a long speech by one person during a conversation as a monologue, you mean it prevents other people from talking or expressing their opinions.
   Morris ignored the question and continued his monologue.
   Synonyms: speech, lecture, sermon, harangue More Synonyms of monologue
2. VARIABLE NOUN
   A monologue is a long speech which is spoken by one person as an entertainment, or as part of an entertainment such as a play.
   …a monologue based on the writing of Quentin Crisp

Question 38

morose

Answer 38

ADJECTIVE
Someone who is morose is miserable, bad-tempered, and not willing to talk very much to other people.
She was morose, pale, and reticent.
Synonyms: sullen, miserable, moody, gloomy More Synonyms of morose
morosely ADVERB [usually ADVERB with verb]
One elderly man sat morosely at the bar.

Question 39

denomination

Answer 39

1. COUNTABLE NOUN
   A particular denomination is a particular religious group which has slightly different beliefs from other groups within the same faith.
   The use of incense and candles varies greatly from denomination to denomination.
   Synonyms: religious group, belief, sect, persuasion More Synonyms of denomination
2. COUNTABLE NOUN
   The denomination of a banknote or coin is its official value.
   …a pile of bank notes, mostly in small denominations.
   Synonyms: unit, value, size, grade

Question 40

quotidian

Answer 40

ADJECTIVE [ADJECTIVE noun]
Quotidian activities or experiences are basic, everyday activities or experiences.
[formal]
…the minutiae of their quotidian existence.
Synonyms: regular, ordinary, routine, everyday

Question 41

importunate

Answer 41

ADJECTIVE
If you describe someone as importunate, you think they are annoying because they keep trying to get something from you.
[formal, disapproval]
His secretary shielded him from importunate visitors.
Synonyms: persistent, demanding, pressing, dogged

Question 42

cosmopolitan

Answer 42

1. ADJECTIVE
   A cosmopolitan place or society is full of people from many different countries and cultures.
   [approval]
   London has always been a cosmopolitan city.
   Synonyms: international, global, worldwide, universal More Synonyms of cosmopolitan
2. ADJECTIVE
   Someone who is cosmopolitan has had a lot of contact with people and things from many different countries and as a result is very open to different ideas and ways of doing things.
   [approval]
   The family are rich, and extremely sophisticated and cosmopolitan.
   Synonyms: sophisticated, worldly, cultured, refined

Question 43

belletristic

Answer 43

NOUN

a writer of belles-lettres

Question 44

mushroom

Answer 44

1. VARIABLE NOUN
   Mushrooms are fungi that you can eat.
   There are many types of wild mushrooms.
   …eggs, bacon, sausage, and mushrooms.
   …mushroom omelette.
2. See also button mushroom
3. VERB
   If something such as an industry or a place mushrooms, it grows or comes into existence very quickly.
   The media training industry has mushroomed over the past decade. [VERB]
   A town of a few hundred thousand people mushroomed to a crowded city of 2 million. [V + to/into]
   Synonyms: expand, increase, spread, boom

Question 45

promulgate

Answer 45

1. VERB
   If people promulgate a new law or a new idea, they make it widely known.
   [formal]
   The shipping industry promulgated a voluntary code. [VERB noun]
2. VERB [usually passive]
   If a new law is promulgated by a government or national leader, it is publicly approved or made official.
   [formal]
   A new constitution was promulgated last month.

Question 46

indemnify

Answer 46

VERB
To indemnify someone against something bad happening means to promise to protect them, especially financially, if it happens.
[formal]
They agreed to indemnify the taxpayers against any loss. [VERB noun + against]
The printers were indemnified against legal action. [V n against n]
It doesn’t have the money to indemnify everybody. [VERB noun]
Synonyms: insure, protect, guarantee, secure

Question 47

impudent

Answer 47

ADJECTIVE
If you describe someone as impudent, you mean they are rude or disrespectful, or do something they have no right to do.
[formal, disapproval]
Some of them were impudent and insulting.
Synonyms: bold, rude, cheeky [informal], forward More Synonyms of impudent
impudence UNCOUNTABLE NOUN
One sister had the impudence to wear the other’s clothes.
Synonyms: boldness, nerve [informal], cheek [informal], face [informal]

Question 48

resolutely

Answer 48

ADJECTIVE
If you describe someone as resolute, you approve of them because they are very determined not to change their mind or not to give up a course of action.
[formal]
Voters perceive him as a decisive and resolute international leader.
He described the situation as very dangerous and called for resolute action.
Synonyms: determined, set, firm, dogged

Question 49

hankering

Answer 49

COUNTABLE NOUN [NOUN to-infinitive]
A hankering for something is a desire or longing for it.
From time to time we all get a hankering for something a little different. [+ for/after]
Synonyms: desire, longing, wish, hope

Question 50

mimetic

Answer 50

ADJECTIVE [usually ADJECTIVE noun]
Mimetic movements or activities are ones in which you imitate something.
[formal]
Both realism and naturalism are mimetic systems or practices of representation.

Question 51

pertinent

Answer 51

ADJECTIVE
Something that is pertinent is relevant to a particular subject.
[formal]
She had asked some pertinent questions.
Pertinent information will be forwarded to the appropriate party.
…knowledge and skills pertinent to classroom teaching. [+ to]
Synonyms: relevant, fitting, fit, material

Question 52

Unbridled

Answer 52

ADJECTIVE [usually ADJECTIVE noun]
If you describe behaviour or feelings as unbridled, you mean that they are not controlled or limited in any way.
…the unbridled greed of the 1980s.
…a tale of lust and unbridled passion.
Synonyms: unrestrained, uncontrolled, unchecked, violent

Question 53

rue

Answer 53

1. VERB
   If you rue something that you have done, you are sorry that you did it, because it has had unpleasant results.
   [literary]
   Tavare was probably ruing his decision. [VERB noun]
   Synonyms: regret, mourn, grieve, lament

Question 54

piecemeal

Answer 54

ADJECTIVE [usually ADJECTIVE noun]
If you describe a change or process as piecemeal, you disapprove of it because it happens gradually, usually at irregular intervals, and is probably not satisfactory.
[disapproval]
The piecemeal approach, one country after another, is not a good one.
…piecemeal changes to the constitution.
Synonyms: unsystematic, interrupted, partial, patchy More Synonyms of piecemeal
Piecemeal is also an adverb.
The government plans to sell the railways piecemeal to the private sector.
It was built piecemeal over some 130 years.

Question 55

compendious

Answer 55

ADJECTIVE

containing or stating the essentials of a subject in a concise form; succinct

Question 56

ascension

Answer 56

1. SINGULAR NOUN [with poss]
   In some religions, when someone goes to heaven, you can refer to their ascension to heaven.
   …the crucifixion, resurrection and ascension of Jesus Christ.
   …the two-day holiday marking the Prophet’s ascension to heaven.
   Synonyms: rise, rising, mounting, climb More Synonyms of ascension
2. SINGULAR NOUN [with poss]
   The ascension of a person to a high rank or important position is the act of reaching this position.
   [written]
   …50 years after his ascension to the Cambodian throne. [+ to]
   Synonyms: succession, taking over, assumption, inheritance

Question 57

truculent

Answer 57

ADJECTIVE
If you say that someone is truculent, you mean that they are bad-tempered and aggressive.
Synonyms: hostile, defiant, belligerent, bad-tempered

Question 58

curb

Answer 58

1. VERB
   If you curb something, you control it and keep it within limits.
   …advertisements aimed at curbing the spread of the disease. [VERB noun]
   He called for energy consumption to be curbed. [be VERB-ed]
   Curb is also a noun.
   He called for much stricter curbs on immigration. [+ on]
2. VERB
   If you curb an emotion or your behaviour, you keep it under control.
   He curbed his temper. [VERB noun]
   You must curb your extravagant tastes. [VERB noun]
3. kerb

Question 59

pith

Answer 59

gist

Question 60

ardor

Answer 60

ব্যগ্রতা
earnestness, ardor, alacrity, anxiety, eagerness, ardour
আকুলতা
ardor, anxiety, ardency, fervidity, distress, worry
আকুতি
ardor

Question 61

rash

Answer 61

1. ADJECTIVE
   If someone is rash or does rash things, they act without thinking carefully first, and therefore make mistakes or behave foolishly.
   It would be rash to rely on such evidence.
   The Prime Minister is making no rash promises.
   Don’t do anything rash until the feelings subside.
   Synonyms: reckless, hasty, impulsive, imprudent More Synonyms of rash
   rashly ADVERB [ADVERB after verb]
   I made quite a lot of money, but I rashly gave most of it away.
   My sister always said I acted rashly.
   rashness UNCOUNTABLE NOUN
   With characteristic rashness and valor, he plunged into the icy water.
   …the rashness of youth.
   Synonyms: recklessness, indiscretion, audacity, carelessness More Synonyms of rash
2. COUNTABLE NOUN
   A rash is an area of red spots that appears on your skin when you are ill or have a bad reaction to something that you have eaten or touched.
   I noticed a rash on my leg.
   He may break out in a rash when he eats these nuts.
   The symptoms include skin rashes, fever, and painful joints.
   Synonyms: outbreak of spots, spots, hives, urticaria More Synonyms of rash
3. SINGULAR NOUN
   If you talk about a rash of events or things, you mean a large number of unpleasant events or undesirable things, which have happened or appeared within a short period of time.
   …one of the few major airlines left untouched by the industry’s rash of takeovers. [+ of]
   Now a rash of scruffy little shops bordered one side of the street.

Question 62

imperious

Answer 62

ADJECTIVE
If you describe someone as imperious, you mean that they have a proud manner and expect to be obeyed.
[written]
Her attitude is imperious at times.
From across the desk she gave him a witheringly imperious look.
Synonyms: domineering, dictatorial, bossy [informal], haughty

Question 63

Exhaustive

Answer 63

ADJECTIVE
If you describe a study, search, or list as exhaustive, you mean that it is very thorough and complete.
This is not an exhaustive list but it shows how many projects are taking place.
The author’s treatment of the subject is exhaustive.
Synonyms: thorough, detailed, complete, full More Synonyms of exhaustive
exhaustively ADVERB [usually ADVERB with verb, oft ADVERB adjective]
Hawley said these costs were scrutinised exhaustively by independent accountants.
…an exhaustively researched, sensitively written account.