1 Flashcards
taxonomy
The branch of biology concerned with naming and classifying species, groups organisms according to a more formal scheme The scheme consists of different levels of classification, each more comprehensive than those below it
What are the 3 domains?
Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya
What are the 6 kingdoms?
bacteria, Archaea, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
What are the steps to the scientific method?
- Observation
- Question
- Hypothesis
- Experiment
- Analysis
- Conclusion
What are the common themes to the Study of Life (biology)?
- Organization
- Information
- energy and matter
- interactions
- diversity
What are the eight most important categories in the taxonomy of Earth’s organisms (From least to most inclusive)?
species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, and domain.
Daring King Philip Came Over From Great Spain
what is biology?
the scientific study of life
homeostasis
the process by which a cell or organism maintains internal conditions within certain boundaries.
binomial nomenclature
– This system was instituted by Carolus Linneaus
– The first name designates the genus, or group of closely related
organisms, that the species is a member of.
– The second name is a specific epithet, unique for each species within a genus
genus
group of closely related
organisms, that the species is a member of.
theory
well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that can incorporate facts, laws, inferences, and tested hypotheses
parsimony
the simplest explanation is usually the correct one
what are the properties of life?
• Characteristics possessed by all living things
- Acquire materials and energy
- Regulation
- Grow, reproduce, and develop
- Evolves and adaptations
- Order
- response
polytomy
a branch point leading to multiple lineages and is an unresolved pattern of divergence
usually looks like a pinch fork; usually a little unclear
what is life?
life is recognized by what all living things do
consumer
obtains energy and nutrients by eating other organisms
producer
Plants (and certain other organisms) are able to capture solar energy and perform photosynthesis.
adaptation
modifications that make organisms suited to their way of life.
information theme
involves expression and transmission of genetic information
energy and matter theme
producers and consumers
energy flow and energy cycling
interaction theme
feedback regulation - output or product of a process regulates that very process
negative feedback
most common.
the response reduces the initial stimulus
specific epithet
unique for each species within a genus
taxon
the named taxonomic unit at any level of the hierarchy.
For example – Panthera is a taxon at the genus level, Mammalia is a taxon at the class level, etc.
what is a scientific fact?
A scientific fact is an objective and verifiable observation.
Any scientific hypothesis or claim must be falsifiable
principles of science
- Every assertion regarding the natural world is subject to challenge and revision based on evidence
- Any scientific hypothesis or claim must be falsifiable
- Scientific inquiry concerns itself only with natural explanations for natural phenomena
- Parsimony (Occam’s razor): the simplest explanation is usually the correct one
Which level of organization is the fundamental unit of life?
a cell
How does our current system of taxonomic organization differ from the system proposed by Linnaeus.
The most important difference between classification during the time of Linnaeus and current classification is that organisms are now grouped according to their
evolutionary relationships
One goal of scientists is to assign every organism a universally accepted name according to the system know as:
binomial nomenclature
Systematics is:
a science of name and grouping organisms
Modern systematic try to group organisms based on:
evolutionary relationships
The goal of systematic is to organize living things into groups, called _____, that have biological meaning.
taxons