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NCE > 1-50 > Flashcards

1-50 Flashcards

1
Q

A dog that has been trained to stop and stand at attention when she hears a duck call does not stop and stand at attention when she hears a goose call. This is an example of:
A. Stimulus generalization
B. Higher-order conditioning
C. Conditioned response
D. Stimulus discrimination

A

D. Stimulus discrimination

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2
Q

According to Freud, _________ is the most important defense mechanism. An example of this defense mechanism is when a woman who has been physically abused by her spouse doesn’t remember ever being hurt by him.
A. Regression
B. Repression
C. Reaction formation
D. Denial

A

B. Repression

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3
Q

Stress inoculation is a concept introduced by:
A. John Krumboltz
B. Joseph Wolpe
C. Albert Bandura
D. Donald Meichenbaum

A

D. Donald Meichenbaum

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4
Q

Paradoxical intention, implosive therapy, and thought stopping are all techniques used by ______ counselors.
A. Psychodynamic
B. Behavioral
C. TA
D. Reality therapy

A

A. Psychodynamic

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5
Q

In this therapeutic approach, the counselor’s emphasis is on being authentic while concentrating on verbal and nonverbal messages.
A. Existential Counseling
B. Behavioral Counseling
C. Gestalt Therapy
D. Rational-emotive therapy

A

C. Gestalt Therapy

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6
Q

Popular techniques of this approach are examination of client’s memories, “spitting in the client’s soup,” and “catching oneself.”
A. Adlerian
B. Psychoanalysis
C. Rational-emotive therapy
D. Reality therapy

A

A. Adlerian

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7
Q

Popular techniques of this approach are role playing, “empty chair”, and “making the rounds.”
A. Client-centered
B. Psychoanalysis
C. Gestalt
D. Adlerian

A

C. Gestalt

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8
Q

In which is the focus on the meaning of life and the relevance of the individual experience?
A. Existential counseling
B. Adlerian counseling
C. Gestalt therapy
D. Reality therapy

A

A. Existential counseling

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9
Q

Developed by Luft and Ingham, ______ asserts that there are four parts to the personality: the public self, the blind self, the private self, and the unknown self.
A. Neurolinguistic programming
B. The concept of the collective unconscious
C. The concept of the family constellation
D. The concept of the Johari window

A

D. The concept of the Johari window

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10
Q

Freud is to the ego, id, and superego as _______ is to parent, adult, and child.
A. Jung
B. Adler
C. Perls
D. Berne

A

D. Berne

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11
Q

The withdrawal of reinforcement until the conditioned response no longer occurs is known as:
A. Extinction
B. Elimination
C. Discrimination
D. Punishment

A

A. Extinction

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12
Q

Which one of the following does NOT belong with the others?
A. Horney
B. Glasser
C. Adler
D. Jung

A

B. Glasser

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13
Q

Which of the following terms is associated with transactional analysis?
A. Free association
B. Unconditional positive regard
C. Irrational beliefs
D. Complementary transactions

A

D. Complementary transactions

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14
Q

Which of the following pairs of personality theorists and perspectives is INCORRECT?
A. Abraham Maslow; existentialist
B. Carl Rogers; humanist
C. Carl Jung; genetic
D. Sigmund Freud; psychodynamic

A

C. Carl Jung; genetic

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15
Q

According to Carol Rogers, _________ is love and support given to another with no strings attached.
A. The condition of worth
B. Unconditional postive regard
C. Existentialism
D. Self-actualization

A

B. Unconditional postive regard

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16
Q

_________ is a humanist approach that emphasizes the tragic aspects of life, the burden of responsibility, and the need to face the inevitability of death.
A. Social interest
B. Psychoanalysis
C. Existentialism
D. Self-actualization

A

C. Existentialism

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17
Q

Which of the following types of psychotherapists would be most likely to use free association and transference?
A. Rational-emotive behavior therapists
B. Behavior therapists
C. Psychodynamic therapists
D. Client-centered therapists

A

C. Psychodynamic therapists

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18
Q

Systematic desensitization and “flooding” are ______ therapies.
A. Behavioral
B. Psychodynamic
C. Reality
D. Adlerian

A

A. Behavioral

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19
Q

In _________ therapy, the therapist uses logical arguments to challenge a client’s unrealistic beliefs or expectations.
A. Client-centered
B. Rational-emotive behavior
C. Existential
D. Aversive conditioning

A

B. Rational-emotive behavior

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20
Q

An apparent treatment success that is due to the patient’s expectation of hopes rather than the treatment itself is called ________
A. The placebo effect
B. The nocebo effect
C. The therapeutic window
D. An empirically validated treatment

A

A. The placebo effect

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21
Q

The bond of confidence and mutual understanding established between therapist and client is called the _______.
A. Therapeutic window
B. Therapeutic alliance
C. Clubhouse model
D. Window of opportunity

A

B. Therapeutic alliance

22
Q

Which of the following pairings of problem and the most successful therapy for that problem is INCORRECT?
A. Childhood behavior problems and existential therapy
B. Specific phobias and systematic desensitization
C. Depression and rational-emotive therapy
D. Panic disorder and behavior therapy

A

A. Childhood behavior problems and existential therapy

23
Q

The primary goal of ________ therapy is to find meaning in life.
A. Rational-emotive
B. Reality
C. Existential
D. Transactional analysis

A

C. Existential

24
Q

Which of the following is not a behavioral therapy?
A. Flooding
B. Skills training
C. Exposure
D. Unconditional positive regard

A

D. Unconditional positive regard

25
Q

The process of saying freely whatever comes to mind in connection with dreams, memories, fantasies, or conflicts in the course of psychodynamic therapy session. Is referred to as __________.
A. Systematic desensitization
B. Flooding
C. Free association
D. Exposure treatment

A

C. Free association

26
Q

The social learning perspective is to the psychodynamic perspective as ________ are to ________.
A. Bodily events; social and cultural forces
B. Social and cultural forces; bodily events
C. Environmental conditions; unconscious dynamics
D. Unconscious dynamics; environmental conditions

A

C. Environmental conditions; unconscious dynamics

27
Q

Murray is a bright student, but he procrastinates. He puts off writing term papers and gets incomplete, which eventually become F’s. Murray’s therapist helps him establish small, specific goals, rather than vague, long-range goals. The therapist also asks Murray to keep a diary of how he is spending his time when he is avoiding his studies. The method used to help Murray deal with his problem is ______ therapy.
A. Psychodynamic
B. Behavioral
C. Gestalt
D. Existential

A

B. Behavioral

28
Q

When working with individuals from different cultures, the effective counselor may not:
A. Use language similar to the client’s
B. Maintain good eye contact
C. Be cognizant of the context
D. Honor religious beliefs

A

B. Maintain good eye contact

29
Q

A high standard of counseling practice when working with diverse populations involves all of the following except:
A. Treating all clients the same way
B. Acknowledging and confronting their own biases and prejudices
C. Adapting ones knowledge and skills to meet the clients’ needs
D. Educating oneself as completely as possible regarding the clients’ cultural context

A

A. Treating all clients the same way

30
Q

Working with individuals from different cultures requires that the counselor:
A. Have high sensitivity to the needs of the individuals
B. Make a referral to another counselor
C. Have knowledge about the different cultures
D. Both A and C

A

D. Both A and C

31
Q

Connie tells each of her clients that the best way she can help them is to attempt to look at the world from the client’s point of view. This counselor is taking the ________ perspective.
A. Etic
B. Alloplatic
C. Emic
D. Autoplastic

A

C. Emic

32
Q

Jennifer has to choose between spending the evening at home with her parents or spending the evening babysitting her younger sister. Jennifer does not like either of these choices. The situation describes an:
A. Approach- avoidance conflict
B. Avoidance- avoidance conflict
C. Approach- approach conflict
D. Avoidance vector

A

B. Avoidance- avoidance conflict

33
Q

In what ways to stereotypes distort reality?
A. Stereotypes exaggerate the differences that exist between groups
B. Stereotypes exaggerate the differences that exist within groups
C. Stereotypes produce many differing perceptions by many people
D. Stereotypes demonstrate the members of a group can be different

A

A. Stereotypes exaggerate the differences that exist between groups

34
Q

In the Stanford prison simulation, male college students agreed to participate in an experiment to discover what would happen when they took on the roles of prisoners and guards. The researchers found that:
A. Within a short amount of time the prisoners became distressed and panicky, with accompanying emotional and physical ailments
B. A small percentage of the guards became tyrannical and abusive in order to maintain the social structure of the prison
C. The “tough but fair” guards urged the tyrannical guards to lighten up on the prisoners
D. All of the prisoners and guards became harsh and abusive

A

A. Within a short amount of time the prisoners became distressed and panicky, with accompanying emotional and physical ailments

35
Q

In the original studies, Milgram and his colleagues found that people were more likely to disobey under all of the following circumstance EXCEPT when _______.
A. The victim was in an adjoining room so the “teacher” heard every sound the victim made
B. Two experimenters had conflicting demands about the continuation of the experiment
C. The person ordering them to continue was an ordinary man, apparently another volunteer
D. The subject worked with peers who refused to go further in the procedure

A

A. The victim was in an adjoining room so the “teacher” heard every sound the victim made

36
Q

In the Stanford prison study, what caused the guards to treat prisoners harshly?
A. Their instructions from the researchers
B. The uncooperative behavior from the prisoners
C. The social context
D. The pressure the guards got from one another

A

C. The social context

37
Q

Research on gay and lesbian parents indicates:
A. Their children are maladjusted
B. They are as dedicated to and effective at child rearing as are heterosexual parents
C. They are less dedicated to child rearing than heterosexual parents
D. Their children are parented harshly and inconsistently

A

B. They are as dedicated to and effective at child rearing as are heterosexual parents

38
Q

Which of the following statements is true when considering cultural and familial influences on self-esteem?
A. Chinese and Japanese children have higher self-esteem than North American children, mainly because their cultures have higher academic standards for achievement
B. Boys tend to have lower self-esteem than girls
C. African American children tend to have lower self-esteem than Caucasian children
D. An authoritative parenting style usually allows children to have especially high self-esteem

A

D. An authoritative parenting style usually allows children to have especially high self-esteem

39
Q

All of the following are physical characteristics of Down Syndrome EXCEPT:
A. A short stocky build
B. Almond-shaped eyes
C. Large hands and feet
D. Flattened face

A

C. Large hands and feet

40
Q

When it comes to displaying aggression, girls more often engage in ________ aggression than boys.
A. Hostile
B. Instrumental
C. Relational
D. Physical

A

C. Relational

41
Q

Henry a 72-year-old widower, reminisces with his daughter about his life. He talks about his successes and regrets. This is an example of Erikson’s:
A. Intimacy stage
B. Generativity stage
C. Industry stage
D. Ego integrity stage

A

D. Ego integrity stage

42
Q

The theorist associated with bonding and attachment is:
A. Bowlby
B. Adler
C. Freud
D. Piaget

A

A. Bowlby

43
Q

Josie likes to play peek-a-boo with her little brother, Jack. According to Piaget, Jack finds this game fun because he has acquired _________, which is one of the primary tasks of the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development.
A. Conservation
B. Dual representation
C. Object permanence
D. Reversibility

A

C. Object permanence

44
Q

Cody does what his parents say because he doesn’t want to lose his television privileges. This is an example of what level in Kohlberg’s theory of moral development?
A. Integrity vs despair
B. Preconventional
C. Conventional
D. Postconventional

A

B. Preconventional

45
Q

Which of the following is a myth about suicide in the United States?
A. Male suicide is four times more higher than that among females
B. It occurs in age groups of 90 years and up
C. Psychiatrists, physicians, and dentists are most prone
D. Asking someone about suicide might push that person over the edge

A

D. Asking someone about suicide might push that person over the edge

46
Q

Harry Harlow used baby monkeys and several different kinds of “surrogate mothers” to investigate which factors are important in early development and attachment. According to his findings, baby monkeys:
A. Preferred soft terrycloth “mother” to a wire-mesh “mother” that held a bottle.
B. Preferred a wire-mesh “mother” that held a bottle to a soft terrycloth “mother”
C. Showed no preference
D. Preferred neither “mother”

A

A. Preferred soft terrycloth “mother” to a wire-mesh “mother” that held a bottle.

47
Q

Jacob’s father tells Jacob to clean his room. When Jacob asks why, his father responds, “Because I said so.” The fathers response is most representative of which parenting style?
A. Uninvolved
B. Authoritarian
C. Authoritative
D. Permissive

A

B. Authoritarian

48
Q

Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages in Freud’s theory of personality development?
A. Oral, genital, latency, anal, phallic
B. Genital, anal, phallic, oral, latency
C. Latency, phallic, oral, anal, genital
D. Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

A

D. Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

49
Q

According to Erikson, when an individual fails to develop a strong sense of identity, the individual will have troubles with the development of:
A. Autonomy
B. Initiative
C. Intimacy
D. Integrity

A

C. Intimacy

50
Q

Susie is playing with blocks and is trying to build a tower; she tries but cannot build a tower. Susie’s mother helps her build a four block tower. Later, Susie builds a four block tower without her mother’s help. According to Vygotsky, the inability to build the tower on her own is known as:
A. Scaffolding
B. The zone of proximal development
C. Assisted discovery
D. Learning by imitation

A

B. The zone of proximal development

NCE (4 decks)

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