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Question 1

Psychology

Answer 1

the scientific study of the causes of behaviour, the application of the findings of psychological research to the solution of problems

Question 2

Casual Event

Answer 2

an event that causes another even to occur

Question 3

Physiological Psychology

Answer 3

the branch of psychology that studies the physiological basis of behaviour

Question 4

Comparative Psychology

Answer 4

the branch of psychology that studies the behaviours of a variety of organisms in an attempt to understand the adaptive and functional significance of the behaviours and their relation to evolution.

Question 5

Behavioural Analysis

Answer 5

the branch of psychology that studies the effect of the environment on behaviour - primarily the effects of consequences of behaviours on the behaviours themselves

Question 6

Behaviour Genetics

Answer 6

the branch of psychology that studies the role of genetics in behaviour

Question 7

Cognitive Psychologists

Answer 7

the branch of psychology that studies complex behaviours and mental processes such as perception, attention, learning, memory, verbal behaviour, concept formation, problem solving

Question 8

Developmental Psychology

Answer 8

the branch of psychology that studies the changes in behavioural, perceptual & cognitive capacities of organisms as a function of age & experience

Question 9

Social Psychology

Answer 9

the branch of psychology devoted to the study of the effects people have on each other’s behaviour

Question 10

Personality Psychology

Answer 10

the branch of psychology that attempts to categorize & understand the causes of individual differences in patterns of behaviour

Question 11

Evolutionary Psychology

Answer 11

the branch of psychology that explains behaviour in terms of adaptive advantages that specific behaviours provided during the evolution of a species. They use natural selection as a guiding principle

Question 12

Cross-Cultural Psychology

Answer 12

the branch of psychology that studies the effects of culture on behaviour

Question 13

Clinical Psychology

Answer 13

the branch of psychology devoted to the investigation and treatment of abnormal behaviour & physiological disorders

Question 14

Animism

Answer 14

The belief that all animals and all moving objects possess spirits providing their motive force.

Question 15

Reflex

Answer 15

An automatic response to a stimulus, such as the blink reflex to the sudden unexpected approach of an object toward the eyes

Question 16

Dualism

Answer 16

he philosophical belief that reality consists of mind and matter

Question 17

Model

Answer 17

a relatively simple system that works on known principles and is able to do at least some of the things that a more complex system can

Question 18

Empiricism

Answer 18

the philosophical view that all knowledge is obtained through the senses

Question 19

Materialism

Answer 19

a philosophical belief that reality can be known only through an understanding of the physical world, of which the mind is a part

Question 20

Doctrine of Specific Nerve Energies

Answer 20

Johannes Muller’s observation that different nerve fibers convey specific information from one part of the body to the brain (and vise versa)

Question 21

Experimental Ablation

Answer 21

the removal of a portion of the brain of an experimental animal for the purpose of studying the functions of that region

Question 22

Psychophysics

Answer 22

the branch of psychology that measures the quantitative relation between physical stimuli and perceptual events

Question 23

Determinism

Answer 23

doctrine that behaviour is the result of prior events

Question 24

Law of Effect

Answer 24

Throndike’s observation that stimuli that occur as a consequence of a response can increase or decrease the likelihood of making that response again

Question 25

Structuralism

Answer 25

the system of experimental psychology that began with Wundt; emphasized introspective analysis of sensation and perception

Question 26

Introspection

Answer 26

literally ‘looking within’ in an attempt to describe one’s own memories, perceptions, cognitive processes or motivations

Question 27

Functionalism

Answer 27

he strategy of understanding a species’ structural or behaviour features by attempting to establish their usefulness with respect to survival and reproductive success

Question 28

Behaviourism

Answer 28

a movement in psychology that asserts that the only proper subject matter for scientific study in psychology is observable behaviour

Question 29

Humanistic Psychology

Answer 29

an approach to the study of human behaviour that emphasizes human experience, choice & creativity, self-realization & positive growth

Question 30

Gestalt Psychology

Answer 30

a movement in psychology that emphasized cognitive processes could be understood by studying their organization, not their elements

Question 31

Information Processing

Answer 31

an approach used by cognitive psychologists to explain the workings; information received through the senses is processed by systems of neutrons in the brain.