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ap world > 1-4 test > Flashcards

1-4 test Flashcards

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AP® World History flashcards
1
Q

what are three causes as to why the silk road has grown into to such a large trading network

A
  1. the crusades
  2. Rise of new empires
  3. Improvements in technology
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2
Q

what impact did the crusades have on the silk road

A

knight wanted spices and fabrics from the east while he east got silver in return

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3
Q

which new empires were on the rise that kick started the beginning of the silk road trade network

A

Abbasid
mongol
tang dynasty

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4
Q

what technological advancements cause the growth of the silk road network

A

caravans for saftey
camel saddles
magnetic compass
rudder
chinese junk ship

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5
Q
A

.

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6
Q

what new cities and oases were formed as a result of the silk road

A
  • caravanserai (inns along trade route)
  • kashgar (destination with plenty food and water)
  • semarkand (trading post)
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7
Q

give me an example of a commercial innovation that effected the silk road

A

a money economy (flying cash)

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8
Q

major itemsa dn religions exchanged on the silk road

A

porcilan, silk, textiles,tea, paper, gunpodwer, compass

christianity, buddhism, zoroatsrianism, islam

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9
Q

who mainly kept the silk road alive

A

the mongols

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10
Q

(5)causes of the growth of the indian ocean trade

A

spread of islam

increase in demand

environmetal knowledge

advancements in technology

growth of states

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11
Q

how did the spread of islam effect the growth of indian ocean trade

A

the expanison of the empire connected cities not just through land but over seas also (example calicut)

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12
Q

what were people demanding that led to the growth of the indian ocean trade

A

-Fabrics like cotton, carpets, high-carbon steel, tanned leather, crafted stonework, pepper from India
-Nutmeg, cinnamon, cloves, cardamom from Spice Islands (Malaysia and Indonesia)
=Slaves, ivory, gold from Swahili City States
-Silk, porcelain from China
-Horses, figs, dates from Southwest Asia

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13
Q

what environmental knowledge sis they know that helped grow the indian ocean trade

A

Moonsoon winds (helped merchant planning easier)

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14
Q

what advances in technology made it easier to sail the indian ocean

A

-Lateen sails to easily catch winds
-Stern rudder (invented by China) to make ships more stable
-Magnetic compass (invented by China)
-Astrolabe (invented by Muslims)

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15
Q

why would the growth of states be considered a reason as to how it helped grow the indian ocean network

A

because states can use the expansion of trade as a way to increase their own economic empire (charging ships fees)

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16
Q

(3)what effects have happened as a result of the indian ocean trade

A

diasporic communities

reasponse to increased demand

significant culture transfers (spread of religion)- mostly islam

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17
Q

causes of the growth of the trans-saharan trade

A

technology for travel

increased demand

expansion of societies

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18
Q

what societies expanded that increased the growth of the trans-saharan trade network

A

the expansion of mali (sundiata and mansa musa creating new trade relations)

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19
Q

what technology grew the trans-saharan trade network

A

camels

camel saddles

use of caravans

20
Q

what did the people demand and increase for during the trans-saharan trade network

A

gold

ivory

slaves

21
Q

(3) what effects have happened as an result of the growth of the trans- saharan trade network

A

the growth of new routes

the wealth of kingdoms (Mali)

cultural centers like timbuktu form

21
Q

what religions were exchanged on the trans-saharan trade network

A

mostly Islam spread, though it did not always replace religions in kingdoms just inspired cultural and educational transfers.

22
Q

how did the mongol empire originate

A

originated as seperate nomadic groups north of the gobi desert

their culture included value in horses warfare and equality in men and women

23
Q

what tactics did the mongols use to conquer

A

siege warfare

trickery

fear

welcoming people who surrender to empire

destroy anyone who refuses to surrender

24
Q

what made the mongols social hierarchy different than others

A

men and women were equal

foot binding was viewed as wrong

25
Q

what was the pax mongolica

A

a period of peace and stability within the mongol empire

26
Q

who was control extended to (the mongols)

A

his grandsons
golden horde
yuan dynasty

27
Q

what made genghis khan an accepting leader to his empire

A

he was religiously tolerent and let people keep whatever belief system they wanted

28
Q

(5)impacts of the mongol empire

A

pax mongolica

culture exchanges

disease spread (black death)

gunpowder states form

scholar gentry dissolved, but eventually came back

29
Q

wy did the mongols decline

A

rebellion in china (white lotus society)

30
Q

why did the ottoman empir expand

A

-Mehmed II: takes Constantinople, renames it Istanbul. focused on areas around Black Sea and Balkans, using cannons and navy. Almost take Venice, but establish a tribute with taxes paid from Italy to them. italy has a monopoly over the black sea

-Suleiman I: took parts of Hungary and almost Austria (causing W. Europe a lot of fear), took parts of Greece in Medterranean and Tripoli in North Africa.

31
Q

what system of government did the ottomans follow and why is it contreversial

A

-Devshirme system (staffed military and government); these were “recruits” of Christian boys aged 8-20 who were taught to be scribes, diplomats, bodyguards, militia, for the sultan. Seems shady, but parents often wanted their sons selected as it was an opportunity for social mobility.
-Ex. Janissaries: elite forces in Ottoman Empire

32
Q

what religion did the ottoman empire follow and were they religiously tolerent

A

sunni islam

religiously tolerent for thr most part

33
Q

what was the colombiam exchange

A

the trade of diease, foods, and animals from the eastern to the western hempisphere

34
Q

how did the columbian exchange have an imapact on the old world (europe/the east)

A

caused inflation of silver in spain

animals brough new textiles and more diverse diet

crop brougfht better nutrition: population growth

35
Q

how did the coumbian exchange effet the new world (the americas)

A

Disease: Over 50% of the population of the indigenous in the Americas died due to diseases brought by conquistadores and their animals

Animals: created overgrazing and soil erosion, spread disease, and led to loss of buffalo due to use of horses to hunt them

Crops: deforestation to make room for crops, soil depletion from growing the same crops over and over, cash crops grown to benefit Europe, not Americas, led to a system of forced labor and then to the transatlantic slave trade when most natives had perished

society/ social heirarchy based on race and ethnicity

36
Q

who established the Quing Dynasty

A

The Manchu

37
Q

What caused China to rebuild the Great Wall of China for protection?

A

The Mongol armies defeated Ming forces and even took the Ming Emperor prisoner so they wanted to expand it to keep invaders from China out.

38
Q

What was significant about Emperor Kangxi’s rule AND what regions did he incorporate into China’s rule?

A

Longest reigning emperors, he incorporated Taiwan, Mongolia, and Central Asia.

39
Q

What was notable about Emperor Qianlong’s rule? (where did he expand, what was the reaction to his expansion, etc.)?

A

Started military campaigns in lands west of China, which led to the annexation of Xinjiang accompanied by the mass killings of the local population. The local muslim population there (Uighurs) have never incorporated into the rest of the Chinese culture. He also sent armies into Tibet. He installed the Dalai Lama on the throne there.

40
Q

what expansion effort of chian was sucessful and what was unsuccessful

A

tibet good
vietnam bad
burna bad

41
Q

what was the results of the expansion efforte of china

A

emptied the empires treasury

42
Q

Describe the late years of Emperor Qianlong’s reign:

A

The traditionally efficient Chinese Bureaucracy became corrupt, levying high taxes on the people. The White Lotus society was reinstated.

43
Q

Why was the White Lotus Society reinstated? Where have we heard of them before?

A

yes, They wanted to restore the Ming Dynasty.

44
Q

What was the result of the white lotus societies uprising?

A

The Qing government suppressed the uprising brutally, killing around 100,000 peasants.

ap world (3 decks)

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