1-4 test Flashcards
what are three causes as to why the silk road has grown into to such a large trading network
- the crusades
- Rise of new empires
- Improvements in technology
what impact did the crusades have on the silk road
knight wanted spices and fabrics from the east while he east got silver in return
which new empires were on the rise that kick started the beginning of the silk road trade network
Abbasid
mongol
tang dynasty
what technological advancements cause the growth of the silk road network
caravans for saftey
camel saddles
magnetic compass
rudder
chinese junk ship
.
what new cities and oases were formed as a result of the silk road
- caravanserai (inns along trade route)
- kashgar (destination with plenty food and water)
- semarkand (trading post)
give me an example of a commercial innovation that effected the silk road
a money economy (flying cash)
major itemsa dn religions exchanged on the silk road
porcilan, silk, textiles,tea, paper, gunpodwer, compass
christianity, buddhism, zoroatsrianism, islam
who mainly kept the silk road alive
the mongols
(5)causes of the growth of the indian ocean trade
spread of islam
increase in demand
environmetal knowledge
advancements in technology
growth of states
how did the spread of islam effect the growth of indian ocean trade
the expanison of the empire connected cities not just through land but over seas also (example calicut)
what were people demanding that led to the growth of the indian ocean trade
-Fabrics like cotton, carpets, high-carbon steel, tanned leather, crafted stonework, pepper from India
-Nutmeg, cinnamon, cloves, cardamom from Spice Islands (Malaysia and Indonesia)
=Slaves, ivory, gold from Swahili City States
-Silk, porcelain from China
-Horses, figs, dates from Southwest Asia
what environmental knowledge sis they know that helped grow the indian ocean trade
Moonsoon winds (helped merchant planning easier)
what advances in technology made it easier to sail the indian ocean
-Lateen sails to easily catch winds
-Stern rudder (invented by China) to make ships more stable
-Magnetic compass (invented by China)
-Astrolabe (invented by Muslims)
why would the growth of states be considered a reason as to how it helped grow the indian ocean network
because states can use the expansion of trade as a way to increase their own economic empire (charging ships fees)
(3)what effects have happened as a result of the indian ocean trade
diasporic communities
reasponse to increased demand
significant culture transfers (spread of religion)- mostly islam
causes of the growth of the trans-saharan trade
technology for travel
increased demand
expansion of societies
what societies expanded that increased the growth of the trans-saharan trade network
the expansion of mali (sundiata and mansa musa creating new trade relations)
what technology grew the trans-saharan trade network
camels
camel saddles
use of caravans
what did the people demand and increase for during the trans-saharan trade network
gold
ivory
slaves
(3) what effects have happened as an result of the growth of the trans- saharan trade network
the growth of new routes
the wealth of kingdoms (Mali)
cultural centers like timbuktu form
what religions were exchanged on the trans-saharan trade network
mostly Islam spread, though it did not always replace religions in kingdoms just inspired cultural and educational transfers.
how did the mongol empire originate
originated as seperate nomadic groups north of the gobi desert
their culture included value in horses warfare and equality in men and women
what tactics did the mongols use to conquer
siege warfare
trickery
fear
welcoming people who surrender to empire
destroy anyone who refuses to surrender
what made the mongols social hierarchy different than others
men and women were equal
foot binding was viewed as wrong
what was the pax mongolica
a period of peace and stability within the mongol empire
who was control extended to (the mongols)
his grandsons
golden horde
yuan dynasty
what made genghis khan an accepting leader to his empire
he was religiously tolerent and let people keep whatever belief system they wanted
(5)impacts of the mongol empire
pax mongolica
culture exchanges
disease spread (black death)
gunpowder states form
scholar gentry dissolved, but eventually came back
wy did the mongols decline
rebellion in china (white lotus society)
why did the ottoman empir expand
-Mehmed II: takes Constantinople, renames it Istanbul. focused on areas around Black Sea and Balkans, using cannons and navy. Almost take Venice, but establish a tribute with taxes paid from Italy to them. italy has a monopoly over the black sea
-Suleiman I: took parts of Hungary and almost Austria (causing W. Europe a lot of fear), took parts of Greece in Medterranean and Tripoli in North Africa.
what system of government did the ottomans follow and why is it contreversial
-Devshirme system (staffed military and government); these were “recruits” of Christian boys aged 8-20 who were taught to be scribes, diplomats, bodyguards, militia, for the sultan. Seems shady, but parents often wanted their sons selected as it was an opportunity for social mobility.
-Ex. Janissaries: elite forces in Ottoman Empire
what religion did the ottoman empire follow and were they religiously tolerent
sunni islam
religiously tolerent for thr most part
what was the colombiam exchange
the trade of diease, foods, and animals from the eastern to the western hempisphere
how did the columbian exchange have an imapact on the old world (europe/the east)
caused inflation of silver in spain
animals brough new textiles and more diverse diet
crop brougfht better nutrition: population growth
how did the coumbian exchange effet the new world (the americas)
Disease: Over 50% of the population of the indigenous in the Americas died due to diseases brought by conquistadores and their animals
Animals: created overgrazing and soil erosion, spread disease, and led to loss of buffalo due to use of horses to hunt them
Crops: deforestation to make room for crops, soil depletion from growing the same crops over and over, cash crops grown to benefit Europe, not Americas, led to a system of forced labor and then to the transatlantic slave trade when most natives had perished
society/ social heirarchy based on race and ethnicity
who established the Quing Dynasty
The Manchu
What caused China to rebuild the Great Wall of China for protection?
The Mongol armies defeated Ming forces and even took the Ming Emperor prisoner so they wanted to expand it to keep invaders from China out.
What was significant about Emperor Kangxi’s rule AND what regions did he incorporate into China’s rule?
Longest reigning emperors, he incorporated Taiwan, Mongolia, and Central Asia.
What was notable about Emperor Qianlong’s rule? (where did he expand, what was the reaction to his expansion, etc.)?
Started military campaigns in lands west of China, which led to the annexation of Xinjiang accompanied by the mass killings of the local population. The local muslim population there (Uighurs) have never incorporated into the rest of the Chinese culture. He also sent armies into Tibet. He installed the Dalai Lama on the throne there.
what expansion effort of chian was sucessful and what was unsuccessful
tibet good
vietnam bad
burna bad
what was the results of the expansion efforte of china
emptied the empires treasury
Describe the late years of Emperor Qianlong’s reign:
The traditionally efficient Chinese Bureaucracy became corrupt, levying high taxes on the people. The White Lotus society was reinstated.
Why was the White Lotus Society reinstated? Where have we heard of them before?
yes, They wanted to restore the Ming Dynasty.
What was the result of the white lotus societies uprising?
The Qing government suppressed the uprising brutally, killing around 100,000 peasants.
