1-2 Eukaryotic Cells Flashcards
a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell
cell wall
a complex sugar that most animals can’t digest
cellulose
a protective barrier that encloses a cell
cell membrane
a group of compounds that do not dissolve (includes fats and cholesterol); move materials in and out of the cell
Lipids
a lipid that contains phosphorus;
phospholipid
“water loving”; form outer part of membrane
hydrophilic
a web of proteins in the cytoplasm
cytoskeleton
a large organelle in a eukaryotic cells; contains the DNA
nucleus
where a cell begins to make its ribosomes
nucleolus
cell organelle composed of RNA and protein; the site of protein synthesis
ribosome
any one of about 20 different organic molecules that are used to make proteins
amino acid
a system of folded membranes that is found in a cell’s cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids
endoplasmic reticulum
in eukaryotic cells, the cell organelle that is surrounded by two membranes and that is the site of cellular respiration; breaks down sugar to make energy
mitochondrion
where the energy from the mitochondrion is stored (adenosine triphosphate)
ATP
organelles in plant and algae cells in which photosynthesis takes place
chloroplasts
the process by which plants and algae use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make sugar and oxygen
photosynthesis
a green pigment; traps the energy of sunlight, which is used to make sugar
chlorophyll
cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell
Golgi complex
a small cavity or sac that contains materials in a eukaryotic cell; moves material within a cell
vesicle
a cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes
lysosome
a large vesicle that stores digestive enzymes and aid in digestion within the cell; stores water and other materials
vacuole
“water fearing”; ends of phospholipid from the inner part of the membrane
hydrophobic
the smallest unit that can perform all the processes necessary for life
cell
Some fungi have cell walls made of
chitin
