1-1 The Diversity of Cells Flashcards
in biology, the smallest unit that can perform all life processes; cells are covered by a membrane and have DNA and cytoplasm
cell
“little animals”
animalcules
All organisms are made of one or more cells
The cell is the basic unit of all living things
All cells come from existing cells
cell theory
The ratio of the cell’s outer surface area to the cell’s volume is called the
surface area-to-volume ratio
a phospholipid layer that covers a cell’s surface; acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and the cell’s environment
cell membrane
the fluid inside a cell
cytoplasm
one of the small bodies in a cell’s cytoplasm that are specialized to perform a specific function
organelle
deoxyribonucleic acid; genetic material that carries information needed to make cells and new organisms
DNA
in a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell’s DNA and that has a role in processes such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction
nucleus
an organism that consists of a single cell that does not have a nucleus
prokaryotes
What are the two groups that prokaryotic cells are further classified into?
eubacteria and archaebacteria
cells with no nucleus
prokaryotic cells
cells that have a nucleus
eukaryotic cells
tiny, round organelles made of protein and other material
ribosomes
What is archaebacteria also referred to as?
archaea
What are the three types of archaebacteria?
heat-loving, salt-loving,and methane-making
What are heat-loving and salt-loving archaebacteria sometimes called? Where do they live?
extremophiles; in places where conditions are extreme
he concluded that all cells came from existing cells
Rudolf Virchow
He discovered single-celled organisms include bacteria
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
He concluded that all animals tissues were made of cell
Theodor Schwann
He concluded that all plants parts were made of cells
Matthias Schleiden
He was the first person to describe cells
Robert Hooke
