Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psych101 > 1-2 > Flashcards

1-2 Flashcards

1
Q

Two main types of Statistics

A

Descriptive - organize and sumerize (measure - central tendency, variablity, correlation )

Inferential - laws of probability to generalizability of findings (NHSignifcanceTest, alternative hypoth, statistically signifcant)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Central Tendancy m m m

A

Mean - avearage of all
Median - the score that falls exaclty in the middle of the distribution score
Mode - the most frequent score.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Standard Deviation (variablity)

A

Bigger the value the bigger away the spred of values ( the average the difference in values… or the dispertion away from it’s average (not covariance).

Covariance is how they move together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Correlation / Correlation Coefficient tells us

A

Tells us strength of relationship and direction (+/-)
0 means no relationship / 1 is total

positive and negative corelation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

corelation ≠ causation

A

Corelation can tell what varriables are related by not how. Corelations doens’t tell us causation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Statistically Signifcant

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Goals of Psychologists m p c

A

Measurement and Descrption

Understanding and Prediction

Applicaton and Control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Psychology theory:

A

a system of interrelated ideas (must be testable) that is used to explain a set of observations

to move from description to understanding

1.a theory must be testable,

2.theory develops a hyplotheisis to research and test.

3.hypothesis is a tentative statement about relationship between varriables.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Scientific Process psychologist

A
  1. Formulate Testable hypothesis
  2. select the research method, design study
  3. data collection
  4. data analysis / interpretation
  5. write up findings for pubs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Operation definitions

A

a description of the action used to measure or control a variable
(how are we defining, how are we measuring)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

1.formulate hypothesis from

A

hypothesis or prediction can come from Theory, Practical problem or idea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

2select research method

A

choose from various approaches observation, measurement, manipulation in empirical studies

experiments -descriptive/correlational
develop procedure, choose participants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

3.Collect the data

A

direct obs, questionnaire, interveiw, psych test, physiological/neural recording, exam archive records

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

4Analyze and interpret
q and q

A

choose analytic strategy
QUANTITATIVE: data are numbers

QUALITATIVE: non-numeric
could be both.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

5Publish

A

scientific journal / peer review 2 to 3 experts

fundamental to scientific process
There are open access journals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Advantages of scientific approach
Clarity and pre* and int*

A

clarity and precision - cleary indicate and express idea

intolerance of error - important duty as scientist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Indepent / dependent variable

A

investigate manipulates IND variable, observes changes in second DEP variable (only method where we can make cause and effect conclusion)

ind varies - dep affected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Groups

A

Experiment group

Control group

randome assigment to cont or exp group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Extraneous variables

A

extra variables or 3rd variable that could effect dependent variable.

3rd value like foot size

This can lead to a confounding of varriables where it’s difficult to make out effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Descriptive / Correlational research

A

descipriction of behaviour / identify assocaitions between varriables

when we can’t get ethics clearance or don’t interfere with participents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Descriptive Corelate - Naturalistic Observations

A

Advantages- more realistic, helpful if little is know
Disadvantages - reactivity of subjects, coverting obs into numbers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Descriptive Corelate - Case study

A

indepth invest of individual or group

HM

Advantage - provide detail insight
Disavantage - easily influenced by researcher confirmation bias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

descriptive corelate - Survey

A

Survey/questionare most popular

advantages- easy/inexpensive, data on hard to observer behaviour, large samples
disadvantages- selfreport is unreliable, can’t draw causal conclusions(same with most desc/core, can’t trust peoples opions of themselves.

24
Q

descriptive/correlate - advant/disadvant

A

advant - examine topics you coudlnt’ using experiments, broadens schope of psychology

disadvant- can manipulate variables like in experiments, can’t determin causality

25
Q

Willhem Wundt

A

Liepzig , first lab, first pubs -
believed psychology should examine consciousness and the awareness of the immediate experience Focus on the mind

26
Q

Structuralists vs Functionalist

A

S - Edward Bradford Titchener ( basic elements or structures of psych experience. sensation, images, feelings HOW WE FEEL. Highly trained INTROSPECTIONISTS… Os.Kulpe points out imagelss thought

F - William James (why we feel, was is the adaptive PURPOSE of consciouness, aka why we forget. influceed Dawing Orgin of Special, says structualist are missing the nature of consciousness. STREAM OF CONSIOUSNESS

27
Q

Fuctionalism turns into Behaviourism

A

John b Watson. Only wanted objectivite. claims should be verified or disproved. Strick scientific method. Response - Stimuli

28
Q

Freud

A

influenced by medical backgound. psychoanalysis not scientifically rigourous.
SLOWed scientific progressed?
Claim that thought and processing occured outside of awareness and influenced behavior proved to be true (AWARNESS)

29
Q

Behaviourism and Skinner

A

we can’t deny things happen in the black box but we can’t prove it

must be observable / eviromental factors determin behaviour (not inate)

BEYOND FREEDOM AND DIGNITY
free will is an illusion, significant contrib to psychology

reversed the impact of freud psychoanalytic theory but linguistics stay to simplisitc.

30
Q

Humanism

A

felt psychoanalytic theory and behaviourism was de-humanizing

Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers

optomistic views of humanity- to understand behaviour we need to understand peoples need to evolve and fulfill their potential.

lack of coheision was an issue but Person centre therapy

31
Q

Person Centred Therapy

A

1 unconditional positive regard
2. extend empathy
3. transparency don’t try to be the sole expert in theraputic relationship

32
Q

Cognitiver Revoloution and Neuroscience

A

disillusioned with BeHave neglect of mental processes in cognition….
reward and punishment not enough doesn’t explain interpretation. poverty of stimulus

33
Q

James Oldes

A

found reward system in the mesocortical limbic circuit of brain, implanted stimulating electors in animal brains

34
Q

Wilder Penfield (Montreal procedure) for epilepsy

A

Proved there are specific regions for specific functions (memories and thoughts)

35
Q

Donald HEBB

A

father of Neuropsychology
develops specific new tests(head injureis)
Organization of behavior

Fire together, wire togehter

We finally see inside the black box

36
Q

Culture and Diversity

A

Focused on Western Cultures

36
Q

Evolutionary Psychology

A

starts in 1980s. examines behaviours processes in tersm of their adaptive value of passing on genes Similar to functionalism

37
Q

Positive Pschology - APA

A

Martin Seligman

after WWII pschology turns from research to clinical and gets to rigidity. Wants to investigate happiness and creative and fulfilling aspects of human existence. (3 good things task)

38
Q

definitnion of Psychology

A

Greek
psyche = soul
logos - the sutdy of

16th centrey study of the soul, spirit, mind

17 study of mind

Two main distinctions CLINICLAL and RESEARCH

39
Q

empirical method makes p an S

A

psychology a scientifc endeavour with objective evidence based on fact

40
Q

Goals of scientific enterprise

A
  1. measurement and description
  2. understanding and prediction
  3. application and control

advantage of scientific approach 1. clarity and precision 2. intolerance for error

41
Q

operational definition describes

A

the actions or operations that will be used to measure or control a variable

42
Q

orientation procedures

A

eg. anxiety from being told you’re going to be shocked to evoke anxiety

43
Q

Random assignment and sampling

A

samping is pulled after the face

44
Q

Within subjects / Between subjects

A

comparison made within groups or between groups

45
Q

Generalizability

A

researcher may sacrifice some control for greater generalizability

46
Q

Naturalistic observation

A

careful observation without intervening directly with the participants. naturalistic allows researchers to study behviour under conditions that are less artifical , but reactivity can occur

47
Q

corealation/causation

A

no way to pove correlated variables are causually related.

corealation occurs when two variables are related to each other

48
Q

Statistics

A

math used to interpret numerical data

49
Q

Normal distribution

A

symmetrical bell shaped curve

50
Q

the importance of replication

A

repetition of a study to prove that the results are duplicated

51
Q

Self Reporting and social disrerablity

A

People can’t be trusted in surveys

52
Q

Double Blind

A

Where the experimenters don’t know what group the participants are in.

53
Q

Theory Vs Hypothesis

A

Theory has an explanation a hypothesis does not

54
Q

postitive and negative correlation

A

positive - variables move together. negative variables move a part

mortgage/interst(neg) vs study/grades(pos)

Psych101 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions