1

Question 1

an organization is a:
- collection of parts…
- a tool used…
- a social entity…

Answer 1

• a collection of parts that cant work on its own if separated
• a tool used to coordinate actions to obtain something to achieve a goal
• a social entity made up of ppl that agree on and work towards a goal

Question 2

organizational theories:
- study of the…
- explains/predicts…

Answer 2

• study of the structures and operations of social organizations
• explains/predicts how groups and individuals behave in varying org structures and circumstances

Question 3

organizations exists for economic reasons and to accomplish productivity goals

Answer 3

classical theory

Question 4

“division of labor”. units that perform similar functions into areas of specialization

Answer 4

functional principle

Question 5

deals with the organization’s vertical growth and refers to the chain of command that grows with levels added to the organization

Answer 5

scalar principle

Question 6

each subordinate should be accountable to only one superior

Answer 6

unity of command

Question 7

have primary responsibilities for meeting the major goals of the organization, like the production department

Answer 7

line function

Question 8

support the line’s activities but are regarded as subsidiary in overall importance to line functions

Answer 8

staff function

Question 9

refers to the number of subordinates a manager is responsible for supervising

Answer 9

span-of-control principle

Question 10

larger span and smaller span leads to what kind of org

Answer 10

flat org and taller org

Question 11

scientific principles could be applied to the study of work behavior to help increase worker efficiency and productivity

Answer 11

scientific management by frederick taylor

Question 12

characteristics of scientific management

Answer 12

• planning of work to achieve efficiency
• physical stress and anxiety should be eliminated
• capabilities of workers should be developed through training

Question 13

“traditional boss concept should be eliminated” how is this related to scientific management

Answer 13

Taylor proposed a shift from an autocratic, authority-based boss to a scientific, systematic approach to management where decision-making is based on expertise, analysis, and efficiency rather than personal power.

Question 14

has a premise that there is one best way to get the job done

Answer 14

taylorism

Question 15

characterized by many rules, standardized processes, procedures and requirements, meticulous division of labor and responsibilities, clear hierarchies

Answer 15

bureaucratic approach by max weber

Question 16

characteristics of a bureaucratic organization

Answer 16

• specialization of labor
• well-refined authority hierarchy
• formal rules and procedures
• impersonality

Question 17

if scientific management have scientific selection of workers, what is the basis for employment decisions in bureaucratic principle

Answer 17

based on merit

Question 18

“One potential difficulty involves the
coordination of various tasks handled by various employees” how is this a problem with bureaucratic?

Answer 18

bureaucracy emphasizes rigid structure, specialization, and hierarchy, which can make coordination difficult.

Question 19

bureaucratic structure is characterized by which classical principle?

Answer 19

span of control

Question 20

aims to improve organizational productivity by focusing on methods that managers can use to synchronize internal processes

Answer 20

administrative management by henri fayol

Question 21

functions of management

Answer 21

planning
organizing
coordinating
directing
reporting
budgeting

Question 22

recognizes the importance of individual or group behavior and emphasized human relations

Answer 22

neoclassical theory

Question 23

characteristics of neoclassical

Answer 23

• individual is a distinct social being
• informal social dynamics exist within formal organizational ones
• participative management

Question 24

decision making permits workers to participate in the decision-making process

Answer 24

participative management

Question 25

based on the concept that the organization is a system which has to adapt to changes in its environment

Answer 25

modern theory

Question 26

modern theories of organization

Answer 26

- systems approach - sociotechnical - contingency/situational

Question 27

views organization as a system composed of interconnected and mutually dependent sub-systems which form a complex unitary whole

Answer 27

systems approach

Question 28

3 basic elements of systems approach

Answer 28

- components - linking process - goals of organization

Question 29

pertains to the five basic interdependent parts of the organizing system

Answer 29

components: individual, formal and informal organization, patterns of behavior, role comprehension of the indiv. physical environment

Question 30

the interaction of the different components of the organization is contingent upon

Answer 30

linking processes: communication, balance, decision analysis

Question 31

the goals of organization according to systems theory

Answer 31

growth, stability, interaction

Question 32

based on the premise that every organization consists of the people, the technical system, and the environment

Answer 32

socio-technical approach

Question 33

people use __ to produce goods or services valued by consumers or users

Answer 33

tools, techniques, and knowledge

Question 34

there cannot be universal guidelines which are suitable for all situations; no one right way to make decisions

Answer 34

contingency or situational approach

Question 35

joan woodward's contingency model stated that

Answer 35

for maximal performance, org structure needed to match the type of production technology

Question 36

lawrence and lorsch's model stated that

Answer 36

two processes determine the company’s ability to keep up with external changes: differentiation and integration

Question 37

fiedler's contingency model stated that

Answer 37

any individual’s leadership style is effective only in certain situations (task-oriented and person-oriented)

Question 38

includes the study of what drives and inspires members of an organization to work towards their professional goals

Answer 38

motivational theory

Question 39

organization develop and change over time as a result of both external and internal forces

Answer 39

open systems theory