1 Flashcards
What were the motivations for Spanish exploration?
God – Spread Christianity to new lands.
Gold – Find wealth and resources.
Glory – Expand Spanish territories and power.
What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?
A treaty in 1494 that divided the world between Portugal and Spain, leading to competition for new trade routes.
What significant event occurred during Ferdinand Magellan’s expedition in 1521?
Magellan arrived in Homonhon on March 16, 1521, established friendly relations with Rajah Humabon, but was killed by Lapu-Lapu in the Battle of Mactan on April 27, 1521.
What did Ruy Lopez de Villalobos name the archipelago?
Las Islas Filipinas, in honor of King Philip II of Spain.
What was the significance of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi’s expedition in 1565?
He established the first permanent Spanish settlement in Cebu and conquered Manila in 1571, making it the capital of the Spanish East Indies.
What were the positive effects of early Spanish voyages?
Initiated trade with China, Mexico, and Japan; brought European knowledge, technology, and Christianity.
What were the negative effects of early Spanish voyages?
Led to Spanish colonization and suppression of indigenous culture; introduced forced labor and exploitation of natural resources.
What is the role of the Governor-General in the Spanish colonial system?
The highest Spanish official, wielding executive, legislative, and judicial powers.
What was the Encomienda System?
Granted Spanish officials the right to collect tribute and force labor from Filipinos, leading to widespread abuses.
What was the Reducción System?
Forced relocation of indigenous communities into Spanish-controlled towns to facilitate conversion to Christianity and tax collection.
What was the Galleon Trade?
A trade route connecting Manila to Acapulco from 1565 to 1815, enriching Spanish officials while neglecting local industries.
What was Polo y Servicios?
A forced labor system requiring males aged 16-60 to work on public projects for 40 days a year, leading to many deaths due to harsh conditions.
What was the Bandala System?
Forced Filipinos to sell their goods to the Spanish government at low prices.
What were the educational policies under Spanish rule?
Schools were run by religious orders, education was limited to elites, and there was no emphasis on science or critical thinking.
What was the impact of the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869?
Shortened travel time between Spain and the Philippines and exposed Filipinos to European liberal ideas.
Who were the Ilustrados?
Educated Filipinos who advocated for reforms and equal rights, often sent to study in Spain.
What was the Cavite Mutiny of 1872?
A failed uprising by Filipino soldiers and workers that led to the execution of GOMBURZA and inspired future nationalists.
What was the Propaganda Movement?
A movement led by Ilustrados advocating peaceful reforms and pushing for Filipino representation in the Spanish Cortes.
What were the key works of Jose Rizal?
Noli Me Tangere (1887) exposed Spanish clergy abuses; El Filibusterismo (1891) called for revolution, leading to his execution on December 30, 1896.
What were the overall effects of Spanish rule in the Philippines?
Spanish rule shaped the Philippines politically, economically, and socially, leading to growing Filipino resistance and the Philippine Revolution of 1896.
