1 Flashcards
2 forms of early tourism
• trading
invention of money, wheel, and writing
• travel for religious reasons
form of pilgrimages to worship such as Chaucer’s tale of pilgrimages of Canterbury
spa is derived from
walloon word “espa” meaning “fountain”
Tourism is
derived from Hebrew word ‘torah’ - studying, learning, searching
• Tourism can trace its ancestry in the
Old Testament. Noah with his Ark must have been the first large-scale operator
Invention of money, writing and wheel by Sumerians
facilitated travel and exchange of goods.
tourism term
used in 19th century
Commercial restaurants
provide food and beverage services
Food services
offered in taverns, bars, kiosks, vending machines, supermarkets, food stalls, food carts, and food trucks.
- Food service establishments - found in theme parks, in schools and colleges, in hospitals and homes for senior citizens, in prisons and halfway houses, and in shelters for the homeless.
The Lodging Component
• Provides overnight or even long-term services to guests.
- Accommodates several customer preferences from budget motels to luxury hotels and expensive resorts
Tourism is defined as
sum of the phenomena and relationships arising from the travel
“Tourism may be defined in terms of
particular activities selected by choice and undertaken outside the home environment.”
Hospitality
derived from the Latin word hospitare, which means “to receive as a guest.
- host who receives, welcomes, and caters to the needs of people who are temporarily away from their homes.
Classes of visitors:
- Tourists
- Excursionist
Classes of visitors:
- Tourists
- Excursionist
Four Basic Elements Of Travel away from home.
Tourists - who make at least one overnight stay
Excursionists - who do not stay overnight
Purposes Of Travel
• Gaining new experiences: explore different cultures, try new activities, and create lasting memories
• Broadening horizons: opportunity to learn about the world, its history, and its people
• Self-discovery: offer a refreshing perspective and help you discover more about yourself
• Improving well-being: reducing the risk of heart attacks and anxiety
The Nature of a Tour
• Independent and Package tour
What is a Tourist Product?
combination of goods and services demanded by a tourist
• These include natural, cultural and manmade attractions and facilities such as hotels, transport and ancillary services.
Identify the characteristics of a tourist product.
• Intangibility
Inseperability
Perishability
Heterogeneity
Essentially of Users Presence
Complexity in Marketing
• Absence of Ownership
tourist destination
geographical unit where tourist visits and stays.
The success of a tourist destination depends upon the interrelationship of 3 basic factors:
• attractions,
• amenities or facilities,
• accessibility.
tourist destination
is a geographical unit where the tourist visits and stays.
• The success of a tourist destination depends upon the interrelationship of three basic factors:
• attractions,
• amenities or facilities,
• and accessibility.
Tourist Services
• third group of tourist services: travel agent, tour operator.
• Other tourist services include currency, documentation, information, sightseeing, and shopping.
Tourist Services
• The third group of tourist services consists of those provided by the travel agent and by the tour operator.
• Other tourist services include currency, documentation, information, sightseeing, and shopping.
Characteristics of Tourism and Hospitality
• Product is not brought to the consumer;
The consumer has to travel and go to the product to purchase;
• Products are not used up;
• Both are labor-intensive industries;
• People-oriented;
• Multidimensional phenomenon;
• Both industries are seasonal;
• Both industries are dynamic.
LESSON SUMMARY
• Tourism and hospitality - world’s largest and fastest-growing industries.
Tourism - short-term movement of people to destinations
• Network - complicated interconnection
Travel and tourism - primary services to travelers.
• purpose of transportation - make it possible for people to go from one place to another.
Two Forms of Early Tourism
- Trading. The invention of money, writing, and wheel by the facilitated travel and exchange of goods.
- Travel for religious reasons. This took the form of pilgrimages to places of worship such as Chaucer’s tale of pilgrimage to Canterbury.
Tourism in the Medieval
Period
• Travel, derived from word travail, became burdensome, dangerous, and demanding
• After the decline of the Roman Empire in the 5th century, roads were not maintained and they became unsafe.
• Crusaders and pilgrims were the only ones who traveled.
Tourism During the Renaissance and
Elizabethan Eras
• Under Elizabeth I, young men seeking positions encouraged to travel to the continent to widen their education.
• This practice was gradually adopted by others in the lower social scale.
• Education of a gentleman should be completed by a “Grand Tour” of the cultural centers
By the end of the 18th century,
become institutionalized for the upper class of society.
• As young men sought intellectual improvement, sick sought a remedy for illnesses in “spas” or medicinal baths.
Turnbridge Wells in Kent (near London) became famous as a spa in the 1660s.
History of the Hospitality Industry
Ancient Period (The Sumerians)
• selling surplus grain
• money and writing to record settle business transactions;
• Converted grains to alcoholic beverages or beers
The Greek Empire
• land and sea travels dominant in Mediterranean region;
inns and taverns, restaurants in ancient Greece were respected and served foods;
• In 146 BC, Greece became a Roman protectorate
• Caravans stopped at Khans, fortresses provided shelter from sandstorms
Early Modern Period: 1600 AD
to 1800 AD
> In the l6th century, taverns called served a fixed price, fixed menu meal in England.
• advent of stagecoach travel revolutionized hospitality on the road followed by stagecoach or coaching inns.
> At coaching inns, tired horses were exchanged with fresh horses and stagecoach passengers were fed and given the opportunity to rest overnight.
In the late 18th century, there were no public restaurants.
> In England, coffee houses and taverns served a daily “ordinary” which is a main meal with a fixed price.
• The food service element of the hospitality industry changed dramatically in France in 1765.
> In that year, a man named Boulanger operated a small business which sold soups and broths in Paris.
Pioneers in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry
• There are several outstanding individuals who have made a significant contribution to the growth and development of the tourism and hospitality industry.
• Cesar Ritz - general manager of the Savoy Hotel in London, one of the most famous and luxurious hotels in the world.
Pioneers in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry
• There are several outstanding individuals who have made a significant contribution to the growth and development of the tourism and hospitality industry.
Cesar Ritz
• Cesar Ritz became the general manager of the Savoy Hotel in London, one of the most famous and luxurious hotels in the world. He made the hotel a cultural center frestore healthie french Ritz name is synonymous with refined, elegant hotels and service. At present, the Ritz-Carlton hotels bear his name
International Travel Patterns
• Major travel flows occur between the United States and Western Europe.
Secondary regional patterns exist between South America, the Caribbean, Africa, the Near East, and the Far East.
Travel to Africa is usually one way, originating in Europe.
• The heaviest flow of air traffic into Europe is between New York and London;
• Europe generates about one-half of overseas travelers to the US.
Travel between European countries-intracontinental travel-has been very popular. This is one of the reasons for Europe’s large share of the worldwide travel market.
Factors That Favor the Growth of
Tourism and Hospitality
• Rising disposable income for large sections of the population
• Growth in the number of retired persons with the desire and the energy to travel
• Increase in discretionary time - shorter workweeks and longer vacations
• Greater mobility of the population
• Growth in the number of “singles.”
• Greater credit availability through credit cards and bank loans
• Higher educational levels
• The growth of cities
• Simplification of travel through the package tour.
• Growth of multinational business
• Modern transportation technology
• Shift in values
• Advances in communication
• Smaller families and changing roles
WHAT IS THE HOSPITALITHANDUSTRY?
restaurant from french word
restauratives? restore your health?
5 Factors that favor the growth of tourism and hospitality
Shift in values,
advances in communication,
smaller family,
modern transport and technology,
growth of multinational business,
simplification of travel through travel agency,
growth of cities
Noah -
large scale operator
4 basic elements of travel
- distance
- length of stay
3.residence of origin of the traveler
4.purpose of travel
Undesirable economic aspect of tourism
- economic instability in area
- Higher prices
Sumerians -
invented money and writing to record and settle business transaction
- Domestic -
- International -
- Local within country
- outside our country
travel industry -
tourism and hospitality network, includes both the public and private sectors.
Gee, Choy, & Makens (1997) define the travel industry as
“the composite of organizations, both private and public, that are involved in the development, production, and marketing of products and services to serve the needs of the travelers.
