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Human Structure and Function 2 > 1 (16) Hormones > Flashcards

1 (16) Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

Where is ADH produced?

A

hypothalamus

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2
Q

What is the effect of ADH?

A

more water is reabsorbed into the body and less urine is formed

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3
Q

What is the target of ADH?

A

kidneys

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4
Q

How is ADH regulated?

A

blood volume or the concentration of water in the blood

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5
Q

Where is oxytocin produced?

A

hypothalamus

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6
Q

What is the effect of oxytocin?

A

stimulates contraction of uterus during labor and milk “let down” or ejection from alveoli into ducts

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7
Q

What is the target of oxytocin?

A

mammary alveoli

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8
Q

How is oxytocin regulated?

A

positive-feedback mechanism where release of the hormone causes an action that stimulates more of its own release

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9
Q

Where is growth hormone produced?

A

anterior pituitary

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10
Q

What is the effect of growth hormone?

A

growth of essentially all tissues of the body, including bone

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11
Q

What is the target of growth hormone?

A

thymus gland

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12
Q

How is growth hormone regulated?

A

growth hormone-releasing hormone and growth hormone-inhibitory hormone

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13
Q

Where is prolactin produced?

A

anterior pituitary

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14
Q

What is the effect of prolactin?

A

responsible for breast development during pregnancy

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15
Q

What is the target of prolactin?

A

mammary gland

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16
Q

How is prolactin regulated?

A

dopamine (decreases) and estrogen (increases)

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17
Q

Where is thyroid stimulating hormone produced?

A

anterior pituitary

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18
Q

What is the effect of thyroid stimulating hormone?

A

stimulates thyroid gland to produce its hormones

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19
Q

What is the target of thyroid stimulating hormone?

A

thyroid gland

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20
Q

How is thyroid stimulating hormone regulated?

A

negative-feedback of thyroid hormones

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21
Q

Where is adrenocorticotropic hormone produced?

A

anterior pituitary

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22
Q

What is the effect of adrenocorticotropic hormone?

A

causes adrenal cortex to produce larger amounts of its hormones, especially cortisol

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23
Q

What is the target of adrenocorticotropic hormone?

A

adrenal cortex

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24
Q

How is adrenocorticotropic hormone regulated?

A

glucocorticoid feedback

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25
Q

Where is melanocyte stimulating hormone produced?

A

intermediate lobe of the pituitary

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26
Q

What is the effect of melanocyte stimulating hormone?

A

protecting the skin from UV rays, development of pigmentation and control of appetite

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27
Q

What is the target of melanocyte stimulating hormone?

A

skin

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28
Q

How is melanocyte stimulating hormone regulated?

A

exposure to UV light

29
Q

Where is follicle stimulating hormone produced?

A

anterior pituitary

30
Q

What is the target of follicle stimulating hormone?

A

gonads

31
Q

Where is luteinizing hormone produced?

A

anterior pituitary

32
Q

What is the target of luteinizing hormone?

A

gonads

33
Q

Where is T4 and T3 produced?

A

thyroid gland

34
Q

What is the effect of T4 and T3?

A

controls basal metabolic rate, regulates tissue growth and development, reactivity of nervous system

35
Q

What is the target of T4 and T3?

A

virtually every cell in the body

36
Q

How is T4 and T3 regulated?

A

thyroid stimulating hormone

37
Q

Where is calcitonin produced?

A

thyroid gland

38
Q

What is the effect of calcitonin?

A

inhibits osteoclasts and accelerates the uptake of Ca2+ and P into bones; increases loss of these minerals in urine

39
Q

What is the target of calcitonin?

A

bones

40
Q

How is calcitonin regulated?

A

hight levels of calcium in the blood

41
Q

Where is parathyroid hormone produced?

A

parathyroid gland

42
Q

What is the effect of parathyroid hormone?

A

increases osteoclast activity so Ca2+ and P are released into the blood; stimulates kidneys to release more Ca2+ and secrete more P

43
Q

What is the target of parathyroid hormone?

A

bones and kidneys

44
Q

How is parathyroid hormone regulated?

A

low levels of calcium in the blood

45
Q

Where is aldosterone produced?

A

adrenal cortex

46
Q

What is the effect of aldosterone?

A

increases absorption of Na+ and water and increase the secretion of K+ in the urine

47
Q

What is the target of aldosterone?

A

kidneys

48
Q

How is aldosterone regulated?

A

K+ levels in the blood and by renin-angiotensin aldosterone pathways

49
Q

Where is cortisol produced?

A

adrenal cortex

50
Q

What is the effect of cortisol?

A

promotes breakdown of fat and protein, lipolysis, gluconeogenesis, promotes stress resistance, and inhibits the immune response

51
Q

What is the target of cortisol?

A

most body cells

52
Q

How is cortisol regulated?

A

ACTH

53
Q

Where is glucagon produced?

A

islet cells in pancreas

54
Q

What is the effect of glucagon?

A

increases blood glucose

55
Q

What is the target of glucagon?

A

liver and adipose tissue

56
Q

How is glucagon regulated?

A

low blood glucose levels, sympathetic nervous system

57
Q

Where is insulin produced?

A

islet cells in pancreas

58
Q

What is the effect of insulin?

A

decreases blood glucose

59
Q

What is the target of insulin?

A

most cells in body

60
Q

How is insulin regulated?

A

increased blood glucose, PSNS

61
Q

Where is melatonin produced?

A

pineal gland

62
Q

What is the effect of melatonin?

A

diurnal cycles, possible anti-aging, production of antioxidants

63
Q

What is the target of melatonin?

A

not known well

64
Q

How is melatonin regulated?

A

input from visual pathways concerning visual intensity of light

65
Q

Where is atrial natriuretic peptide produced?

A

right atrium of heart

66
Q

What is the effect of atrial natriuretic peptide?

A

Na+ and water to be excreted into the urine

67
Q

What is the target of atrial natriuretic peptide?

A

veins

68
Q

How is atrial natriuretic peptide regulated?

A

central venous pressure

Human Structure and Function 2 (13 decks)

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