1 Flashcards
How can statistically rare behaviors be considered abnormal?
You can’t base you consideration of abnormal solely on statistics. You have to look at different factors that would make your assumption more valid. Those factors are like distress, dysfunction, harm to self / others, the duration of symptoms and the diagnostic criteria. The cultural context needs to be taken in account since abnormality is different from one to another (although there are some similarity.).
What are the various advantages and disadvantages of classifications of disorders.
advantages:
- common language, easier to communicate
-makes diagnostic and treatment easier
-Makes research easier as we can study stuff more systematically.
-better access to resources. (e.g., insurance company)
disadvantages of classifications:
lose details about the person with the disorder
it can faciliate stigma, stereotyping and labeling.
it can cause fear of being rejected or discriminated.
What is epidemiology?
It’s the study of distribution and frequency of disorders.
Explain the difference between incidence and prevalence
Incidence is the number of new cases that appear on a given period of time.
Prevalence is the number of total cases in specific period of time.
What are the 4 D’s
Deviance - (statistically)
distress (self)
dysfunction (physiologically, mentally or socially)
danger (to self and others)
Do you agree with Thomas szazz or not? Explain
Thomas disregards the scientific evidence of biological and neurological factors since research has shown that mental illness involves brain chemistry change. (look at depression)
Leads to greater stigmatization
Downplays the suffering of others and there invalidating them.
he only looks at the social level to defend his points but forgets that mental illness is a multifaceted problem.
What does stigma leads to?
It removes people from the social realm, it excarbates the symptoms, so you lose power at the same time. you don’t get hired. You are victims of stereotypes. Words can even hurt you. (schizophrenic vs person with sch.)
How can we de-stigmatize
Value differences, promote contribution and participation
portay mental health as normal
include the people and listen to them also
What are the most important lessons from the history of psychopathology?
Cultural differences / relativsm - what is considered normal or abnormal varies across cultures and time periods.
Historically, people with mental illness have been subjects to inhumane treatment which leads to a lot stigmatization. Therefore it is important to reduce stigma of the past.
Treatment can evolve, back then there used to be trepanning as a method of relieving psychological pain. Now, we got psychotherapy, community psychology and pharmacology plus research.
Finally, it is important to highlight the ethical side of psychology has also evolved into a better thing.
What are some negative consequences of deinstitutionalization?
Homelessness
Jailing of the mentally ill
readmissions
What does the humoral theory implies?
separated medicine from religion, magic and superstition. Rejects that gods are the cause of suffering. Rejects that gods are the cause of suffering
Explain the concept of somatogenesis and psychogenesis
Soma: Mental disorders are caused by aberrant functioning in the soma (i.e., physical body) and this disturbs thought and action
Psycho: Mental disorders have their origin in psychological malfunctions
How were Hippocrates treatments different from tthe violent exorcism?
Hippy treatments were about tranquiliity, eat healthy food, no sex
Rise in blood, black bile, yellow bile and phlegm cause what
blood - changeable temperament
black bile - melancholia
yellow bile - irritability and anxiousness
phlegm (flemme) - sluggishness and dullness.
What were the asylums used for?
Put people with mi. there. For social control, forced labor, inhumane treatment. A form of prison people have to work for minimal wages or nothing at all. .way of controlling people with m.i
Who pioneered in the development of the DSM and ICD
Kraepelin! he developed a classification system which looked at the neurobiological nature of mental illness. He saw that there were clusters of symptoms.
Past 1900, what were the main points of interest ?
genetics, eugenics, non-physiological interpretations.
Critiques of biomedical model
It solves the symptoms without solving the source of the problems. It puts the professional in a position of the expert which disempowers the client.
-It’s a reductionist standpoint, which means that it reduces the patient to a passive target of therapy and not an active actor in healing. it’s basically a lack of agency.
number of patients are over-medicalised, over-diagnosed, become chronically ill,
people do not find a place in the health system, or feel that they are not met as whole person in the healthcare system.
What are some advantages of the biomedical model though?
-Diagnosing someone can help them have a sense of what is the real problem, and knowing that it’s not entirely their fault can be great for recovery.
-Provides access to help and support that can help to alleviate some of the things that trouble the individua
