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Question 1

Name actions for SCM

Answer 1

Action:
bilaterally:
flexes neck
Unilaterally:
lateral neck bending to the same side, rotation of head to opposite side

Question 2

Name the origin and insertion for SCM

Answer 2

Origin:
sternal head= top of manibrium
Clavicular= medial one third of the clavicle
Insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone and the lateral portion of superior nuchal line of occiput

Question 3

What nerve innervates SCM?

Answer 3

Spinal accessory (XI) nerve, C2, 3

Question 4

What actions does scalene anterior perform?

Answer 4

Unilaterally flexes HEAD AND NECK to the same side
Rotators head and neck to the opposite side
Bilaterally elevate the ribs during inhalation
FLEXES head and neck

Question 5

What actions does scalenes perform and what scalene has an extra action

Answer 5

unilaterally:
(w/ ribs fixed) laterally flex the head and neck to the same side(all)
rotates head and neck to the opposite side (all)
bilaterally:
elevate the ribs during inhalation
anterior scalene flexes the head and neck

Question 6

What action does scalene posterior perform?

Answer 6

Side bends neck to same side, lifts rib 2

Question 7

Name origin and insertion for anterior scalene.

Answer 7

Origin: transverse processes of 3rd-6th cervical vertebrae
Insertion: first rib

Question 8

Name origin and insertion for middle scalene

Answer 8

Origin: transverse processes of 2nd-7th cervical vertebrae
Insertion: first rib

Question 9

Name origin and insertion for posterior scalene

Answer 9

Origin: transverse processes of 6th-7th cervical vertebrae
Insertion: second rib

Question 10

What nerves innervates the scalenes?

Answer 10

C(3), 4-8

Question 11

Name the origin/ insertion/ nerve for Rectus abdominal

Answer 11

Origin: pubic crest, pubic symphysis
Insertion: cartilage of 5th-7th ribs and Xiohoid process
N: T5, 6, T7-11, T12, ventral rami

Question 12

Give origin/insertion/ nerve for external oblique

Answer 12

Origin: external surfaces of fifth to twelfth ribs
I: anterior part of iliac crest, rectus sheath to linea alba
N: (T5, 6), T7-11, T12

Question 13

Actions for external oblique

Answer 13

Laterally flexes vertebral column
Rotates VC to opposite side
Bilaterally: flexes VC and compresses abdom.

Question 14

Actions for rectus abdominal

Answer 14

Flexes VC
tilts pelvis posteriorly

Question 15

Name origins/ insertions/ nerve for internal oblique.

Answer 15

Origin: lateral inguinal ligament, iliac crest, and thoracolumbar fascia

Insertion: internal lower three ribs, rectus sheath to linea alba
N: T7, 8, T9-12, L1, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal, ventral rami

Question 16

Give actions for internal oblique.

Answer 16

Unilaterally flexes vertebral Column to the same side
Rotates VC to same side
Bilaterally: flexes VC, compresses abdom.

Question 17

Name origin/insertion/ nerve for transverse oblique.

Answer 17

Origin: lateral inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia and internal surface of lower six ribs

Insertion: rectus sheath to linea alba
N: T7-12, L1, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal, ventral divisions

Question 18

Action for transverse oblique

Answer 18

Compresses abdominals

Question 19

The pyramidalis is absent roughly 20% of the population. Where is the pyramidalis located? Give the origin, insertion and it’s action

Answer 19

Superficial to the rectus abdominis.
O: pubic symphysis
I: linea alba
A: tenses the linea alba

Question 20

Name origin, insertion , action and nerve for QL

Answer 20

Action: unilaterally tilts pelvis, laterally flexes VC to same side assists to extend VC
BILATERALLY: fixes last rib during forced inhalation and exhalation
Origin: posterior iliac crest
Insertion: last rib and transverse processes of first through forth
lumbar vertebrae
N: Lumbar plexus T12, L1, 2, 3