09.06.17 Lecture

Question 1

In this type of study, the intervention is under control of the researcher

Answer 1

Experimental study

Question 2

In this type of study, the researcher observes the participants at one point in time (cross-sectional) or over time (longitudinal)

Answer 2

Observational Studies

Question 3

A method of evaluating the effect of an experimental method on observable behavior (outcome) through repeated measures over time

Answer 3

Single Subject design (also called case study)

Question 4

Not good for looking at effects on things that cannot be measured repeatedly and reliably is a limitation of what type of study?

Answer 4

Single Subject

Question 5

If observations are made looking forward they are called

Answer 5

Prospective (observational study)

Question 6

If observations are made from existing data they are called:

Answer 6

Retrospective (observational study)

Question 7

What type of study is: Randomized controlled trial?

Answer 7

Experimental controlled trials

Question 8

What type of study is:

Quasi-randomzed studies?

Answer 8

Experimental controlled trials

Question 9

What type of study is:

Non-randomized studies?

Answer 9

Experimental controlled trials

Question 10

What type of study is Phase I and II clinical trials?

Answer 10

Experimental uncontrolled trials

Question 11

Which type of study is considered the gold standard of clinical research?

Answer 11

Randomized control trials (RCT)

Question 12

Randomization increases or decreases internal validity?

Answer 12

Increases, reduces potential for bias

Question 13

Features that add strength to RCTs:

Answer 13

1. Blinding
2. Sample size justification
3. Statistical analyses with minimized number of covariates

Question 14

In RCT’s exposures (aka independent variables - IVs) are manipulated by…

Answer 14

the researcher

Question 15

In RCTs how are participants assigned to one intervention or the other?

Answer 15

Random allocation

Question 16

T or F: RCT’s have control groups?

Answer 16

True

Question 17

T or F: RCTs are the only design to test causal relationship?

Answer 17

TRUE (cause and effect relationship)

Question 18

When data is analyzed based on the original random assignments regardless of the treatment subjects actually received, this is…

Answer 18

Intention to treat (ITT)

Question 19

What is the most commonly used design of a non-randomized design, controlled trial that is experimental?

Answer 19

Pre-post design

Question 20

Types of experimental controlled trials?

Answer 20

1. RCTs
2. Quasi-Randomized
3. Non-Randomized

Question 21

Factoral design include ____ or more independent variables

Answer 21

2

Question 22

Types of experimental design for RCTs or Quasi-Randomized?

Answer 22

Between-Group comparison

1. Pretest-posttest control group design
2. Factorial design
3. Randomized block design

Question 23

When is randomized block design used?

Answer 23

When an extraneous factor might influence differences between groups

Question 24

Types of experimental design for non-randomized?

Answer 24

Within group comparison

1. Crossover design
2. One-way repeated measures design

Question 25

Which design is this? One group of subjects is tested under all conditions and each subject acts as their own control?

Answer 25

Within-group design

Question 26

To show effects of intervention throughout trial, not just at beginning and end is what type of design

Answer 26

One-way repeated measure design under within-group design

Question 27

The potential for practice effects or learning effect are disadvantages to what type of design?

Answer 27

Within group design

Question 28

Carryover effects – when subjects are exposed to multiple

treatment conditions. This is a disadvantage of what type of design?

Answer 28

Within-group design

Question 29

Ability to control for the potential influence of individual differences, such as age, gender, IQ, etc. is an advantage of what type of design?

Answer 29

Within-group design

Question 30

Using subjects as their own control provided the most equivalent comparison group possible for what type of design?

Answer 30

Within-group design