08.30.17 Lecture Flashcards
What is AOTA Levels of Evidence:
Level I:
Systematic reviews and RCTs (specific type of study w specific methodology)
What is AOTA Levels of Evidence:
Level II:
Comparative Trials
What is AOTA Levels of Evidence:
Level III
Single group study
What is AOTA Levels of Evidence:
Level IV
Single case/case series
What is AOTA Levels of Evidence:
Level V
Narrative/conceptual review
Phases of clinical trials:
Phase I
Piloting
Phases of clinical trials:
Phase II
Efficacy
does intervention work
Phases of clinical trials:
Phase III
Effectiveness
gave intervention and tried to see if there was some kind of effect
Phases of clinical trials:
Phase IV
Confirmatory or surveillance
Compares the difference in the mean score for two groups—the two groups being independent of, or unrelated to, each another.
Independent T test
The comparison is within the same group and compares a dependent variable. Most often, this type of test is used to compare the pretest and posttest scores of a single group.
Dependent T test
The extent to which the results reflect the truth about what happened within just this study
Internal validity
The extent to which the results reflect the truth about what may happen outside this study, but in similar situations.
External validity
Provides background information, ex- plains why the study is important, and includes a literature review of related articles. A
Introduction
Provides a summary of the entire paper.
Abstract
The _____ section describes the process the re- searcher(s) used when conducting the study. It should provide enough detail to allow the study to be replicated.
Methods
Describes the findings of the study.
Results`
Summarizes and explains the findings. It should begin by restating the primary aims of the study and answering the research question or describing how the results relate to the original hypothesis.
Discussion section
A research design that compares at least two groups, with participants randomly assigned to a group. However, there are numerous variations within this design.
Randomized controlled trial
The naturally occurring circumstances are studied, as opposed to assigning individuals to an intervention or research condition.
Observational study
Seek to determine whether a relationship exists between two constructs and, if so, assess the strength of that relationship.
Correlational study
In correlational studies, the existence of the ____ _____ problem always presents a potential alternative.
Third variable (In other words, the two constructs may in- deed be related, but a third variable could account for that relationship or influence the relationship.)
One group All participants receive the same intervention or condition
Pretest/Posttest
part of experimental research
Beginning with a hypothesis and working down to determine if the evidence supports the hypothesis is what type of reasoning?
Deductive reasoning
Moves from the specific to the general is what type of reasoning?
Inductive reasoning
qualitative research
In ____ _______ research, data are collected at a single point in time,
Cross-sectional
Requires that data be collected over at least two time points and typically covers an extended period of time, such as several years or decades.
Longitudinal research
Cross-sectional studies are experimental or observational?
observational
