09 Organic Compound Reactions Flashcards
alkenes: addition conditions
usually Br2 (l), room temperature. reddish-brown Br2 is decolorized. Also used as a test for alkenes for C=C double bond
alkenes: reduction through addition of H2 gas
H2 gas, high pressure, room temp and Ni CATALYST
*halogenoalkanes: substitution with OH- to form alcohols
A group, R, bonded to X, a halogen
R-X+ OH- –> R-OH + X-
DILUTE NaOH or KOH, heat
*halogenoalkanes: elimination
Alkane with a halogen can be broken into TWO products, HX and an alkENE with the same group from the alKANE
ethanolic KOH, heat
alkanes: substitution
alkane + a halogen (X2) —> (w UV light or heat) halogenoalkane + HX
halogen (Cl2) gas, UV light or heat
in the case of the addition of chlorine gas, greenish-yellow Cl2 gas is decolorized slowly
alkanes: combustion
reacts with O2 to produce H2O and CO2 only.
has a high AE
Aldehydes and Ketones: reduction
aldehyde + 2H = primary alcohol
ketone + 2H = secondary alcohol
LiAlH4 in dry ether, room temp
oxidation of aldehyde (differentiation between aldehyde and ketone)
aldehyde + O = carboxylic acid
KMnO4 dilute H2SO4, heat under reflux
Nitrogen Compounds: Acid/ Alkali Hydrolysis
RCN +acid/alkali , heat
Nitrogen Compounds: reduction
RCN + 4H
LiAlH4 in dry ether, Ni catalyst, H2, high pressure
Alcohols: redox
alcohol+group 1 metal (Na) + alkoxides +hydrogen
Alcohols: elimination (dehydration)
alcohol = alkene + water
CONCENTRATED H2SO4, heat
Alcohols: condensation (formation of esters)
alcohol + carboxylic acid = ester + water
CONCENTRATED H2SO4, heat, carboxylic acid
Alcohols: oxidation
alcohols + O = carboxylic acid + water
KMnO4/ K2Cr2O7, heat under reflux
Alkenes: hydrolysis
alkenes+H2O=alcohols
steam, H3PO4 as catalyst, high temperature and pressure
OR
cold H2SO4, water
