09/11 Flashcards
What are the different ways to classify a neuron?
Size
Myelenation states
What is a A neuron?
a heavily myelinated neuron
What is a B neuron?
a lightly myelinated neuron
What is a C neuron?
a non-myelinated neuron
What is the biggest size a neuron diameter can be?
20 mm
What is the smallest size a neuron diameter can be?
0.5mm
Important information is usually sent through
a bigger, myelinated neuron
Motor functions are sent through
bigger, myelinated neurons
Less important information is usually sent through
smaller, less myelinated neurons
What are examples of the less important information that is sent via neurons?
Tickle
Cold
Warmth
Myelinated (A fibers) are subdivded into what categories?
Alpha
Beta
Gama
Delta
What is the largest subcategory of an A neuron?
alpha
Rank the A neuron subunits from smallest to largest
Delta<Gama<Beta<Alpha
All neurons have a
Cell body
What is another name for the cell body in a neuron?
Soma
What are the projections from the cell body called?
Dendrites
Can dendrites connect to the cell body?
Yes
Excitatory connections on the dendrites create a more ______ membrane potential
postive
Inhibitory connections on the dendrites create a more ______ membrane potential
negative
What is the projection from the soma that an action potential moves down called?
Axon
Is the axon hillock more negative or more positive?
more Negative
Most axons are
myelinated
What is a presynaptic terminal?
The very end of an axon before it connects to a target
What are the “brakes” in the nervous system?
Axon hillocks and Chloride
What is the neurotransmitter that is used on the axon hillock?
GABA
What does GABA do in the axon hillock?
Increases permeability to Cl-
If we remove all of our endogenous GABA, what would happen?
We would have seizures
What is an example of something that removes all of our natural GABA?
Alcoholism
What is GABA mediated neurotransmission?
Endogenous GABA that increases permeability to Cl- which makes the cell more negative.
What is the concentration gradient of Cl-?
higher on the outside, lower on the inside
Why don’t we have outside excitation at the axon hillock?
It would bypass the soma making the soma irrelevant
What are the 2 main categories of brain cells?
Neurons
Glial cells
Which brain cell proliferates the fastest?
glial cells
What is the smallest glial cell?
microglia
What are the macroglial cells?
Astrocytes
ependymal
oligodentrocytes
-schwann
why are astrocytes named astrocytes?
They are shaped like a star
What is a big part of the functional BBB?
Astrocytes
Where is one place that astrocytes connect to?
to the outside of an endothelial cell on a capillary
It wraps itself around the true part of the BBB
How are astrocytes oriented where it connects to capillaries?
It wraps itself around the cell
Where is the BBB found?
in between the capillaries of our endothelial cells
What is the true part of the BBB?
the tight junctions between endothelial cells an capillaries
What is one thing that astrocytes are very good at?
maintaining electrolytes in the CSF
If there is an excess of electrolytes in the CSF, what happens?
The electrolytes can be tucked away in the astrocytes
What are the 3 main functions of astrocytes?
Supportive structure for the BBB
Regulate electrolytes in the CSF
Maintain the pH of the CSF
Where are astrocytes found?
surrounding the CNS
What are on ependymal cells?
cillia
What is the function of ependymal cells?
Producing and moving of CSF
Where is the main place CSF is made?
ependymal cells
What are the myelin producing cells in the CNS?
oligodendroctyes
What forms the myelin sheath in the PNS?
Schwann cells
What is the function of the microglial cells?
Act as macrophages and work as the immune system in the CSF, keeping the area clean and free from debris
What are the decision making cells?
multipolar neuron
What does a multipolar neuron look like?