09/01/25 Flashcards
What is an adrenal rest?
- Ectopic adrenal tissue
- Most commonly found on the broad ligament or spermatic cord
- Common in neonates (50%) regress by adulthood (1%)
From where do the kidneys and adrenals arise?
The urogenital ridge
What is dysphagia lusoria and how is it investigated?
- Compression of the oesophagus from congenital vascular abnormalities
- Barium swallow will show compression, CT angio is needed to show the cause
What vascular abnormalities might cause dysphagia lusoria?
An aberrant right subclavian artery arising from the left side of the aortic arch, a double aortic arch, or right aortic arch with left ligamentum arteriosum
Central lines are a risk factor for the development of what respiratory condition?
- Pneumothorax
- (If done in conjunction with CPAP can cause tension pneumothorax)
What is the best course of action in colonic injury with significant instability and contamination?
Resection + colostomy
The dorsals pedis is a continuation of which vessel?
The anterior tibial artery
What are 4 factors favouring septic arthritis?
- WCC >12
- ESR >40
- Inability to weight bear
- Fever >38.5
What is the normal angle between the femoral neck and shaft?
- Males: 130 degrees
- Females: 110-120 degrees
What hormones are increased and decreased in hypothermia?
- Increased: TSH, corticosterone, glucagon, aldosterone
- Decreased: insulin
When is the Kasai procedure best performed and what is the survival rate?
- The first 8 weeks of life
- 80%
- 45% require liver transplant
What statistical test is best for normally distributed data?
T-Test
What tumour marker is used to screen for medullary thyroid cancer recurrence?
Calcitonin
At what level does the IVC pass through the diaphragm?
T8
What are the risk factors for development of bladder cancer?
- Smoking
- Occupational exposure: alanine dyes (printing, textiles), beta-naphthalamine (rubber
- schistosomyosis
- drugs: cyclophosphamide
