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AU14 - Periodontology Exam 1 > 08/27 - Anatomy of the Periodontium > Flashcards

08/27 - Anatomy of the Periodontium Flashcards

1
Q

What are 2 other names for the periodontium?

A
  • attachment apparatus

- supporting tissues of the tooth

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2
Q

What are the 2 functions of the periodontium?

A
  • attach the tooth to bony tissue of the jaw

- maintain integrity of masticatory mucosa

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3
Q

Development of the periodontia occurs early in the ___ phase along with ___ development.

A
  • embryonic phase

- tooth development

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4
Q

During periodontia development, cells originate from the ___ and migrate into the ___. These cells form ___ beneath the stomadeal epithelium. The stomadeal epithelium releases factors which initiate ___.

A
  • neural crest
  • first branchial arch
  • ectomesenchyme
  • epithelial-ectomesenchymal interactions
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5
Q

The dental lamina forms what 3 stages?

A
  • bud stage
  • cap stage
  • bell stage
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6
Q

During embryogenesis, ectomesenchyme condenses around ___ to form the ___ and the ___.

A
  • dental organ
  • dental papilla
  • dental follicle
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7
Q

What does the dental papilla give rise to? What does the dental follicle give rise to?

A
  • gives rise to dentin and pulp

- gives rise to periodontium

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8
Q

What does the dental papilla determine?

A

shape and form of the tooth

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9
Q

During embryogenesis, what part of the tooth forms first?

A

crown

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10
Q

During embryogenesis, the outer and inner enamel epithelium proliferate apically to form ___. Odontoblasts form ___. Inner cells secrete ___. The root sheath fenestrates so that ___ cells contact the root surface. ___ induces differentiation of these cells into cementoblast. Cemtnoid forms. Fibers of the cementoid intermingle with immature dentinal fibers.

A
  • Hertwig’s Epithelial Root Sheath
  • dentin
  • enamel-related proteins (amelogenins)
  • ectomesenchymal cells
  • amelogenin
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11
Q

Periodontal ligament is formed by ___ that are differentiated from the dental follicle lateral to the cementum.

A

fibroblasts

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12
Q

Osteoblasts differentiate from ___.

A

dental follicle ectomesenchymal cells

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13
Q

True or false: Ectomesenchymal cells remain in mature periodontium and participate in turnover.

A

true

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14
Q

What is the definition of gingiva?

A

part of the masticatory mucosa which covers the alveolar process and surrounds the cervical portion of the teeth

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15
Q

What are the 3 parts of the gingiva?

A
  • free gingiva
  • attached gingiva
  • interdental papilla
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16
Q

What are other names for free gingiva? It extends from ___ to ___. Is it keratinized?

A
  • gingival sulcus, marginal gingiva, sulcus depth
  • from free gingival margin to free gingival groove
  • yes, it is keratinized
17
Q

Where is the free gingival margin located?

A

on the coronal end of the gingiva, 1.5-2.0 mm coronal to the CEJ

18
Q

What is the free gingival groove? How prevalent is it?

A
  • junction between free and attached gingiva; corresponds to CEJ
  • only found in 30-40% of adults
19
Q

The oral epithelium faces ___. The oral sulcular epithelium faces ___. The junctional epithelium provides contact between ___ and ___.

A
  • oral cavity
  • tooth surface without contacting it
  • gingiva and the tooth
20
Q

What are the macroscopic limits of the free (marginal) gingiva? What are the microscopic limits? Why does it matter?

A
  • extends from FGM to FGG
  • extends from FGM to JE
  • because how these landmarks change from health to disease will determine the accuracy of your probe readings
21
Q

Describe the texture, color, and mobility of attached gingiva. How often is stippling present?

A
  • firm texture
  • coral pink
  • immobile
  • 40% of adults present stippling
22
Q

How does the width vary in attached gingiva?

A
  • increases with age (passive eruption)
  • widest in incisors, narrowest in premolars
  • mandibular lingual: narrowest in incisors, widest in molars
23
Q

What is the definition of the mucogingival junction? Where is the mucogingival junction not present?

A
  • junction between attached gingiva and alveolar mucosa

- not in the palate

24
Q

True or false: The absence of stippling in the gingiva indicates disease.

A

FALSE: the presence of stippling is an indication of health, but its absence does not mean anything

25
Q

attached gingiva + marginal gingiva = ___

A

keratinized gingiva

26
Q

keratinized gingiva - sulcus = ___

A

attached gingiva

27
Q

What 3 things does the interdental papilla depend upon?

A
  • the contact relationships between adjacent teeth
  • width of approximal tooth surfaces
  • course of CEJ
28
Q

What is the definition of the col? Is it keratinized?

A
  • concavity seen in contact areas of premolar/molar region

- non-keratinized epithelium (similar to JE)

29
Q

The bottom of the gingival sulcus in a healthy mouth is positioned apical to the CEJ. When is this condition most likely to occur?

a. prenatally
b. at 10-20 years of age
c. before the roots of primary teeth are resorbed
d. at 40-60 years of age
e. just after a permanent tooth has erupted

A

e. just after a permanent tooth has erupted

30
Q

Describe the cells of the oral epithelium. Is it keratinized?

A

keratinized, stratified, squamous epithelium (keratinocytes)

31
Q

What are the 4 layers of the oral epithelium?

A
  • basal layer: stratum basale or stratum germinativum
  • prickle cell layer: stratum spinosum
  • granular cell layer: stratum granulosum
  • keratinized cell layer: stratum corneum
32
Q

What is the difference between orthokeratinized and parakeratinized?

A
  • orthokeratinized: no nucleus

- parakeratinized: nuclear remnants

33
Q

From the basal layer to the granular layer, do the cytoplasmic tonofilaments increase or decrease? The number of desmosomes? The number of organelles?

A
  • cytoplastmic tonofilaments: increase
  • desmosomes: increase
  • organelles: decrease
34
Q

What are the types of cells in the oral epithelium? What percentage of the cells does each make up?

A
  • keratinocytes (90%)

- clear cells: melanocytes, Langerhans cells, Merkel’s cells (10%)

35
Q

What is the purpose of each of the clear cells in the oral epithelium?

A
  • melanocytes: synthesize melanin pigment
  • Langerhans cells: defense cells
  • Merkel’s cells: sensory
36
Q

Where is the basement membrane? What molecules does it contain?

A
  • present between the basal layer of the oral epithelium and CT; 1-2 micrometers wide
  • rich in glycoproteins; contains protein-polysaccharide complexes
37
Q

What are the 2 layers of the basement membrane that are distinguished by electron microscopy? Where is each located?

A
  • lamina lucida: adjacent to basal cells

- lamina densa: adjacent to connective tissue; achoring fibers project from LD into CT

38
Q

What are hemidesmosomes? Desmosomes?

A
  • hemidesmosomes: dense plaques that attach epithelium to the basement membrane
  • desmosomes: pairs of hemidesmosomes
39
Q

Describe how stippling is created microscopically.

A
  • at the boundary between the oral epithelium and underlying connective tissue, CT projects into the epithelium papillae
  • epithelial ridges or rete pegs intervene
  • when rete pegs fuse and there is no CT support in that area, it is seen as stippling
  • rete pegs are missing at the JE site

AU14 - Periodontology Exam 1 (11 decks)

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