07 - reproductive system disease

Question 1

(repro system diseas)

(cow infertility)

1. failure to conceive is a very common problem in lactating dairy cows, and often the cause cannot be determined

2-4. what are the three main risk factors?

Answer 1

2. infectious agents
3. nutrition
4. environment

Question 2

(repro system dz)

(venereal disease)

1-2. main two bacterial causes?

Answer 2

1. campylobacter fetus
2. tritrichomonas fetus

Question 3

(repro system dz)

(venereal disease)

(campylobacter fetus)

1. characterized by what 4 main things?

Answer 3

1. early embryonic death
2. infertility
3. protracted calving season
4. occasionally abortion

Question 4

(repro system dz)

(venereal disease)

(campylobacter fetus)

1. what generally act as the mechanical vector?

Answer 4

1. bulls

(asymptomatic and produce normal semen)

Question 5

(repro system dz)

(venereal disease)

(campylobacter fetus)

1. what is the best way to confirm disease?

Answer 5

1. mucus samples from vagina for culture

Question 6

(repro system dz)

(venereal disease)

(campylobacter fetus)

1. is there a vx?

Answer 6

1. yep

Question 7

(repro system dz)

(venereal disease)

(tritrichomonas fetus - bovine trichomoniasis)

1. flagellated protozoa
2. characterized by what?

Answer 7

2. period of pronounced infertility following natural breeding

(infected herds experience decreases in calving percentage and delayed calving)

Question 8

(repro system dz)

(venereal disease)

(tritrichomonas fetus - bovine trichomoniasis)

1. Infection in cow occurs primarily how?
2. where does T. foetus live in bulls?

Answer 8

1. through natural service with an infected bull
2. in the crypts of the penis and the sheath

Question 9

(repro system dz)

(venereal disease)

(tritrichomonas fetus - bovine trichomoniasis)

1. the infected cow will conceive, but then what happens?
2. infected cow remains infertile for how long?

Answer 9

1. death of the fetus occurs between 7-10 weeks of gestation
2. 2-6 months

Question 10

(repro system dz)

(venereal disease)

(tritrichomonas fetus - bovine trichomoniasis)

1. dx in bull?

Answer 10

1. collecting a sample from prepuce for culture

Question 11

(repro system dz)

(bull infertility)

Answer 11

Question 12

(repro system dz)

(early embryonic death)

1.

Question 13

(repro system dz)

(retained placenta)

1. normally expeleed how soon after calving?
2. very commin in dairy
3. path not understood - thought to involve what?
4. risk factors?
5. this is a common risk factor for what?

Answer 13

1. 12 to 24 hours
2. immune system dysfunction
3. multiple birthings, dystocia, induction of parturition, and nutritional def (energy, vit E, selenium)
4. metritis

Question 14

(repro system dz)

(Puerperal metritis)

1. history of what?

Answer 14

1. fever, retained placenta, dystocia, birth of multiples

Question 15

(repro system dz)

(Puerperal metritis)

1. Cx?

Answer 15

1. impaired rumen motility, anoreia, dehydration, vaginal discharge, uterine abnormalities

Question 16

(repro system dz)

(Puerperal metritis)

1. caused by what?

Answer 16

1. bacterial contaminatin (fuso, A. pyogenes, clostridial, coliforms, strep) during calving or ascending from labia and vagina

Question 17

(repro system dz)

(Puerperal metritis)

1. tx?

Answer 17

1. parenteral abx (tetracyclines or beta-lactams)

NSAIDs control uterine inflammation

Question 18

(repro system dz)

(Puerperal metritis)

Question 19

(repro system dz)

(abortion)

1.

Question 20

(repro system dz)

(abortion)

1. acceptable dairy herd rates are below what?
2. 3 diagnostic samples?

Answer 20

1. 10%
2. fresh fetus, placenta, blood from dam

(no causative agent found in most cases)

Question 21

(repro system dz)

(anestrus)

Question 22

(repro system dz)

(cystic ovaries)

1. diagnosed by what?
2. what can be used to distinguish follicular cysts from luteal cysts?
3. cause unknown
4. Cx?

Answer 22

1. palpation
2. ultrasound or progesterone assays
3. none, anestrus, nymphomania
4. GnRH then prostaglandin, given 2 weeks apart (some regress spontaneously)

Question 23

(repro system dz)

(uterine prolapse)

1. risk factors?
2. tx?
3. complications?

Answer 23

1. prolonged, strenuous labor, large calf, hypocalcemia
2. replacement by manual manipulation
3. trauma (may require repair/amputation)

Question 24

(repro system dz)

(congenital abnormalities)

1. cerebellar hypoplasia - can be caused by what virus?
2. arthrogyphosis

Answer 24

1. BVDV

Question 25

(repro system dz) (dystocia) 1. what is normal presentation?

Answer 25

1. anterior, dorsosacral, with extended forelimbs

Question 26

(repro system dz) (uterine prolapse) (malpresentation)

Answer 26

Question 27

(repro system dz) | (dystocia)

Question 28

(repro system dz) | (dystocia)

Answer 28

Question 29

(vaginal prolapse) 1. most common in what breeds? 2. previous occurence ^ chances 3. happen more in fat or normal? 4. more in first or mult preg? 5. usually occur when? 6. tx?

Answer 29

1. hereford, bos indicus 3. fat 4. mult preg 5. third trimester

Question 30

brucellosis (bang's disease) 1. ZOONOTIC - causes what in humans? 2. caused by what?

Answer 30

1. undulant fever 2. brucella abortus

Question 31

brucellosis (bang's disease) 1. transmitted how?

Answer 31

1. contact w/ placenta, fetus, fetal fluids, vaginal discharge (can be spread on fomites)

Question 32

brucellosis (bang's disease) 1. in non-preg usually asymp 2. most common manifestations in preg cows? 3. what in bulls? 4. deaths are rare (except in the little ones)

Answer 32

2. abortions, stillbirths, and weak calves 3. epididymitis, seminal vesiculitis, orchitis, testicular abscesses

Question 33

brucellosis (bang's disease) 1. dx and control?

Answer 33

Question 34

(pregnancy diagnosis) 1. often done how? 2. babies rattle sensation at what day? 3. placentomes pea size when? 4. chorioallanotic (membrane) slip most useful when?

Answer 34

1. rectal palpation 2. day 60 3. 70 days 4. 35 to 75 days