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cow-01-husbandry > 07 - reproductive system disease > Flashcards

07 - reproductive system disease Flashcards

1
Q

(repro system diseas)

(cow infertility)

  1. failure to conceive is a very common problem in lactating dairy cows, and often the cause cannot be determined

2-4. what are the three main risk factors?

A
  1. infectious agents
  2. nutrition
  3. environment
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2
Q

(repro system dz)

(venereal disease)

1-2. main two bacterial causes?

A
  1. campylobacter fetus
  2. tritrichomonas fetus
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3
Q

(repro system dz)

(venereal disease)

(campylobacter fetus)

  1. characterized by what 4 main things?
A
  1. early embryonic death
  2. infertility
  3. protracted calving season
  4. occasionally abortion
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4
Q

(repro system dz)

(venereal disease)

(campylobacter fetus)

  1. what generally act as the mechanical vector?
A
  1. bulls

(asymptomatic and produce normal semen)

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5
Q

(repro system dz)

(venereal disease)

(campylobacter fetus)

  1. what is the best way to confirm disease?
A
  1. mucus samples from vagina for culture
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6
Q

(repro system dz)

(venereal disease)

(campylobacter fetus)

  1. is there a vx?
A
  1. yep
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7
Q

(repro system dz)

(venereal disease)

(tritrichomonas fetus - bovine trichomoniasis)

  1. flagellated protozoa
  2. characterized by what?
A
  1. period of pronounced infertility following natural breeding

(infected herds experience decreases in calving percentage and delayed calving)

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8
Q

(repro system dz)

(venereal disease)

(tritrichomonas fetus - bovine trichomoniasis)

  1. Infection in cow occurs primarily how?
  2. where does T. foetus live in bulls?
A
  1. through natural service with an infected bull
  2. in the crypts of the penis and the sheath
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9
Q

(repro system dz)

(venereal disease)

(tritrichomonas fetus - bovine trichomoniasis)

  1. the infected cow will conceive, but then what happens?
  2. infected cow remains infertile for how long?
A
  1. death of the fetus occurs between 7-10 weeks of gestation
  2. 2-6 months
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10
Q

(repro system dz)

(venereal disease)

(tritrichomonas fetus - bovine trichomoniasis)

  1. dx in bull?
A
  1. collecting a sample from prepuce for culture
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11
Q

(repro system dz)

(bull infertility)

A
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12
Q

(repro system dz)

(early embryonic death)

1.

A
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13
Q

(repro system dz)

(retained placenta)

  1. normally expeleed how soon after calving?
  2. very commin in dairy
  3. path not understood - thought to involve what?
  4. risk factors?
  5. this is a common risk factor for what?
A
  1. 12 to 24 hours
  2. immune system dysfunction
  3. multiple birthings, dystocia, induction of parturition, and nutritional def (energy, vit E, selenium)
  4. metritis
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14
Q

(repro system dz)

(Puerperal metritis)

  1. history of what?
A
  1. fever, retained placenta, dystocia, birth of multiples
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15
Q

(repro system dz)

(Puerperal metritis)

  1. Cx?
A
  1. impaired rumen motility, anoreia, dehydration, vaginal discharge, uterine abnormalities
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16
Q

(repro system dz)

(Puerperal metritis)

  1. caused by what?
A
  1. bacterial contaminatin (fuso, A. pyogenes, clostridial, coliforms, strep) during calving or ascending from labia and vagina
17
Q

(repro system dz)

(Puerperal metritis)

  1. tx?
A
  1. parenteral abx (tetracyclines or beta-lactams)

NSAIDs control uterine inflammation

18
Q

(repro system dz)

(Puerperal metritis)

A
19
Q

(repro system dz)

(abortion)

1.

A
20
Q

(repro system dz)

(abortion)

  1. acceptable dairy herd rates are below what?
  2. 3 diagnostic samples?
A
  1. 10%
  2. fresh fetus, placenta, blood from dam

(no causative agent found in most cases)

21
Q

(repro system dz)

(anestrus)

A
22
Q

(repro system dz)

(cystic ovaries)

  1. diagnosed by what?
  2. what can be used to distinguish follicular cysts from luteal cysts?
  3. cause unknown
  4. Cx?
A
  1. palpation
  2. ultrasound or progesterone assays
  3. none, anestrus, nymphomania
  4. GnRH then prostaglandin, given 2 weeks apart (some regress spontaneously)
23
Q

(repro system dz)

(uterine prolapse)

  1. risk factors?
  2. tx?
  3. complications?
A
  1. prolonged, strenuous labor, large calf, hypocalcemia
  2. replacement by manual manipulation
  3. trauma (may require repair/amputation)
24
Q

(repro system dz)

(congenital abnormalities)

  1. cerebellar hypoplasia - can be caused by what virus?
  2. arthrogyphosis
A
  1. BVDV
25
Q

(repro system dz)

(dystocia)

  1. what is normal presentation?
A
  1. anterior, dorsosacral, with extended forelimbs
26
Q

(repro system dz)

(uterine prolapse)

(malpresentation)

A
27
Q

(repro system dz)

(dystocia)

A
28
Q

(repro system dz)

(dystocia)

A
29
Q

(vaginal prolapse)

  1. most common in what breeds?
  2. previous occurence ^ chances
  3. happen more in fat or normal?
  4. more in first or mult preg?
  5. usually occur when?
  6. tx?
A
  1. hereford, bos indicus
  2. fat
  3. mult preg
  4. third trimester
30
Q

brucellosis (bang’s disease)

  1. ZOONOTIC - causes what in humans?
  2. caused by what?
A
  1. undulant fever
  2. brucella abortus
31
Q

brucellosis (bang’s disease)

  1. transmitted how?
A
  1. contact w/ placenta, fetus, fetal fluids, vaginal discharge

(can be spread on fomites)

32
Q

brucellosis (bang’s disease)

  1. in non-preg usually asymp
  2. most common manifestations in preg cows?
  3. what in bulls?
  4. deaths are rare (except in the little ones)
A
  1. abortions, stillbirths, and weak calves
  2. epididymitis, seminal vesiculitis, orchitis, testicular abscesses
33
Q

brucellosis (bang’s disease)

  1. dx and control?
A
34
Q

(pregnancy diagnosis)

  1. often done how?
  2. babies rattle sensation at what day?
  3. placentomes pea size when?
  4. chorioallanotic (membrane) slip most useful when?
A
  1. rectal palpation
  2. day 60
  3. 70 days
  4. 35 to 75 days

cow-01-husbandry (18 decks)

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