01 - husbandry Flashcards
(husbandry)
(nutrition)
- all ruminants have capacity to ferment fiber in forestomachs to produce what three acids?
- propionic, acetic, and butyric acids
(husbandry)
(nutrition)
- which of the three acids is gluconeogenic in the liver?
- propionic acid
(husbandry)
(nutrition)
- which acids are lipogenic in adipose and the udder?
- acetic and butyric
(husbandry)
(nutrition)
- bacterial fermentation of soluble sugars and starch can lead to overgrowth of Lactobacilli and Strep - which causes what in rumen?
- pH decreasing to less than 5
(husbandry)
(nutrition)
- which of the three acids are important for rumen pilli growth?
- butyric and propionic
(husbandry)
(nutrition)
(husbandry)
(nutrition)
(calcium)
- metabolism can be manipulated by feeding chloride or sulfate salts to diet so that it is close to neutral in electrical charge
- how is effect measured?
desired level?
- how is this helpful?
- typically implemented when in dairy?
- measuring urine pH
- 5-6.5 (normal urine pH is 8)
- numerous ways.
one involves PTH receptor shape -> more efficient bone caclium mobilization at lactogenesis -> prevention of hypocalcemia (milk fever)
- 2 to 3 weeks prepartum in dairy cattle
(husbandry)
(nutrition)
(metabolic profile testing)
- nonesterified fatty acid, beta-hydroxybutyric acid used to quantify what?
- commonly measured in what cows?
- energy balance
- cows close to calving
(husbandry)
(nutrition)
(metabolic profile testing)
- urea and albumin used to quantify what?
- at high conc urea thought to negatively affect what?
- protein metabolism
- fertility
(husbandry)
(nutrition)
(mycotoxins)
(aflatoxins vs mycotoxins (afla first))
- what kind of molds?
- warm or cold climates
- toxic dose
- aspergillus - fusarium
- warm - colder
- 1/1000 dose of myco - ppm
(husbandry)
(nutrition)
(mycotoxins)
- fusarium mold growth occurs in standing crop, rare in forages
- ELISA tests not reliable in forages
- contaminated feed should be discarded or fed at diluted rates
(husbandry)
(nutrition)
(gossypol toxicity)
- possible when eat excessive quantities of what?
- most common Cx?
- whole cottonseed or meal
- male infertility
(also GI mucosa/cardiac and skeletal muscle/hepatic necrosis)
(husbandry)
(nutrition)
(sodium toxicity)
- most common in what?
- path?
- Cx?
- prog?
- tx?
- calves (when water withheld) or when water freezes
- hypernatremia, intravascular hemolysis, cerebral edema
- blindness, hyperexcitation, recumbency, coma
- grave
- slow dilution of sodium with IV solutions
(husbandry)
(housing)
- good ventilation -> determinant of resp health!
(husbandry)
(housing)
(flooring)
- should always be what?
- concrete
(however can get excessive hoof wear from concrete)
(husbandry)
(housing)
