05 - mastitis

Question 1

(mastitis)

1.

Question 2

(mastitis)

1. individual cow and bulk tank somatic cell count and bacterial counts are diagnostic
2. what cell count from an individual cow likely indicates infections?

Answer 2

2. 250,000 cells/mL

Question 3

(mastitis)

(risk factors)

1. environmental pathogens are generally widespread, but some can be point sourced (E. Coli in feces, strep in straw)
2. environmental organisms contaminate teat skin and enter when?

Answer 3

2. around the time of milking (when teat sphincters are open)

Question 4

(mastitis)

(risk factors)

1. sources of contagiuos pathogens are primarily what?

Answer 4

1. other infected cows’ quarters

(new infections can occur because of milking machine malfunction, during dry period, and in nulliparous heifers

Question 5

(mastitis)

(risk factors)

1. subclinica infections of all causative organisms occur, but occur more commonly with what type?

Answer 5

1. gram positive and Mycoplasma spp than gram negative

Question 6

(mastitis)

(etiology)

1. 4 environmental bac?

Answer 6

1. E. coli
2. klebsiella
3. coag neg staph
4. strep (except agalactieae

Question 7

(mastitis)

(etio)

1. 3 contagious bac causes?

Answer 7

1. stap aureus
2. strep agalactiae
3. mycoplasma spp

Question 8

(mastitis)

(physical abnormalities)

1. udder exam is critical (^ size, firmness, assymetry, pain, abnormal milk, + california mastitis test)
2. abnormal milk precedes abnormal quarter precedes abnormal cow
3. cow signs and milk changes not predictive of organism

Question 9

(mastitis)

(physicial abnormalities)

1. gangrenous quarters may indicate infection with what three bac?

Answer 9

1. S. aureus, clostridium spp, E. coli

Question 10

(mastitis)

(physicial abnormalities)

1. what systemic changes can be seen?

Answer 10

1. septicemia, toxemia, dehydration, or shock

Question 11

(mastitis)

(diagnosis)

1. px and milk culture for clinical cases
2. what for subclinical?

Answer 11

2. california mastitis test or milk somatic cell count and milk culture

Question 12

(mastitis)

Question 13

(mastitis)

(treatment and mgmt)

1. microbiological diagnosis is critical
2. macconkey agar is selective for what?

staph are catalse pos or neg?

Answer 13

2. coliforms

pos

Question 14

(mastitis)

(tx & mgmt)

1. many coliform infections are cleared before or shortly after milk collection, so the use of intramammary abx is questioned
2. severe cases (with systemic signs) require what?
3. in cases not exhibiting Cx can withhold abx for 24 hours pending microbial dx

Answer 14

2. broad spec abx (oxytetracycline)

(also can give IV fluids and anti-inflammatories)

Question 15

(mastitis)

(tx & mgmt)

1. what type of infection is incurable?
2. what should be done with these?

Answer 15

1. Mycoplasma spp
2. remove from herd

Question 16

(mastitis)

(tx & mgmt)

1. many S. aureus infections are refractory to abx
2. how does S. agalactiae respond?

Answer 16

2. well

Question 17